Chan Zuckerberg Initiative awards $5.5 million to UMass for artificial intelligence project … The project's goal is to create an intelligent and navigable map of scientific knowledge using a branch of artificial intelligence called "knowledge representation and reasoning," according to a UMass press release.

The two bought a generic cube puzzle, since it was looser and would slide easier. They then placed different textured items on each side. One side was left smooth and the other had plastic squares. Another side had scratchy Velcro and the opposite had soft Velcro. The final two sides had squishy craft dots and hard plastic dots.

This new conference series promotes multidisciplinary research on tools and methodologies for efficiently capturing knowledge from a variety of sources and creating representations that can be (or eventually can be) useful for reasoning. The conference attracted researchers from diverse areas of AI, including knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition, intelligent user interfaces, problem solving and reasoning, planning, agents, text extraction, and machine learning. Knowledge acquisition has been a challenging area of research in AI, with its roots in early work to develop expert systems. Driven by the modern internet culture and knowledge-based industries, the study of knowledge capture has a renewed importance. Although there has been considerable work over the years in the area, activities have been distributed across several distinct research communities.

In this paper, the problem of maximizing a black-box function $f:\mathcal{X} \to \mathbb{R}$ is studied in the Bayesian framework with a Gaussian Process (GP) prior. In particular, a new algorithm for this problem is proposed, and high probability bounds on its simple and cumulative regret are established. The query point selection rule in most existing methods involves an exhaustive search over an increasingly fine sequence of uniform discretizations of $\mathcal{X}$. The proposed algorithm, in contrast, adaptively refines $\mathcal{X}$ which leads to a lower computational complexity, particularly when $\mathcal{X}$ is a subset of a high dimensional Euclidean space. In addition to the computational gains, sufficient conditions are identified under which the regret bounds of the new algorithm improve upon the known results. Finally an extension of the algorithm to the case of contextual bandits is proposed, and high probability bounds on the contextual regret are presented.

I. Introduction Two premises, reflected in the title, underlie the perspective from which I will consider research in natural language processing in this paper.* First, progress on building computer systems that process natural languages in any meaningful sense (i.e., systems that interact reasonably with people in natural language) requires considering language as part of a larger communicative situation. In this larger situation, the participants in a conversation and their states of mind are as important to the interpretation of an utterance as the linguistic expressions from which it is formed. A central concern when language is considered as communication is its function in building and using shared models of the world. Indeed, the notion of a shared model is inherent in the word "communicate," which is derived from the Latin communi Preparation of this paper was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. MCS76-220004, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract N00039-79C0118 with the Naval Electronic Systems Command.

What are the powerful new ideas in knowledge based design? What important research issues require further investigation? Perhaps the key research problem in AIbased design for the 1980's is to develop better models of the design process. A comprehensive model of design should address the following aspects of the design process: the state of the design; the goal structure of the design process; design decisions; rationales for design decisions; control of the design process; and the role of learning in design This article presents some of the most important ideas emerging from current AI research on design, especially ideas for better models of design It is organized into sections dealing with each of the aspects of design listed above What is design? Why should we study it?

The Fourth International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context (CONTEXT-03) took place at the Stanford University Center for the Study of Language and Information in Stanford, California, on 23 to 25 June 2003. Like the previous conferences, CONTEXT-03 fulfilled its aim of bringing together representatives of many different research areas, spanning the whole range of the cognitive and information sciences, and with interests ranging from the use of context in specific, commercial applications to highly general philosophical, psychological, and logical theories. The conference chair was Fausto Giunchiglia, University of Trento. The program chairs were Patrick Blackburn, INRIA Lorraine; Chiara Ghidini, the Centre for Scientific and Technological Research in Trento; and Roy Turner, University of Maine. There were 77 submissions, from which 31 papers and 14 posters were selected. One of the aims of the CONTEXT conferences is to bring together representatives of ...

AI. Specifically, we address three Just how little can be illustrated by the reaction to Winograd and Flores's (1986) recent book Understanding Computers and Cognition. In personal comments, the book and its authors have been savaged. Published comments are, of course, more temperate (Vellino et al. 1987) but still reveal the hypersensitivity of the Penrose's (1989) even more recent book The Emperor's New Mind have been observed. Like Suchman (1987) and Clancey (1987), we feel that insights of significant value are to be gained from an objective consideration of traditional and alternative perspectives. Some efforts in this direction are evident (Haugeland [1985], Hill [1989], and Born [1987], for example), but the issue requires additional and ongoing attention.

However, recently, there seems to be a new wave of interest, as indicated by many papers, monographs, edited books, and doctoral theses, in exploring aspects of similarity and analogical reasoning from various perspectives. Amid these numerous publications, Similarity and Analogical Reasoning surely stands out as the most valuable reference work on the topic, covering especially well the recent advances in the understanding of this topic, with many chapters written by leading researchers. Although it is based on a collection of papers initially presented at the Workshop on Similarity and Analogy, unlike the typical workshop proceedings, this volume is well edited and coherent in both its content and format, with a great deal of cross-references and detailed summary-comment chapters for every part of the book. Let us look at the book in detail. Because each of these chapters has a different perspective, approach, and organization, I first discuss a number of chapters one by one.

As a field, knowledge representation has often been accused of being off in a theoretical noman's land, removed from, and largely unrelated to, the central issues in AI. This article argues that recent trends in KR instead demonstrate the benefits of the interplay between science and engineering, a lesson from which all AI could benefit. This article grew out of a survey talk on the Third International Conference on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR '92) (Nebel, Rich, and Swartout 1992) that I presented at the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '93). This article is an edited version of a talk surveying that conference, which I presented at the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '93). Although nominally a conference overview, the article attempts to summarize the state of the conference and the field with respect to the intertwined goals of science and engineering.