Online behaviors of consumers and marketers generate massive marketing data, which ever more sophisticated models attempt to turn into insights and aid decisions by marketers. Yet, in making decisions human managers bring to bear marketing knowledge which reside outside of data and models. Thus, it behooves creation of an automated marketing knowledge base that can interact with data and models. Currently, marketing knowledge is dispersed in large corpora, but no definitive knowledge base for marketing exists. Out of the two broad aspects of marketing knowledge - representation and reasoning - this treatise focuses on the former. Specifically, we focus on creation of marketing knowledge graph from corpora, which requires identification of entities and relations. The relation identification task is particularly challenging in marketing, because of the non-factoid nature of much marketing knowledge, and the difficulty of forming rules that govern relations. Specifically, we define a set of relations to capture marketing knowledge, propose a pipeline for creating the knowledge graph from text and propose a rule-guided semi-supervised relation prediction algorithm to extract relations between marketing entities from sentences.

Planning is a critical component of any artificial intelligence system that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences typically for intelligent agents and autonomous robots. Given predefined parameterized actions, a planning service should accept a query with the goal and initial state to give a solution with a sequence of actions applied to environmental objects. This paper addresses the problem by providing a repository of actions generically applicable to various environmental objects based on Semantic Web technologies. Ontologies are used for asserting constraints in common sense as well as for resolving compatibilities between actions and states. Constraints are defined using Web standards such as SPARQL and SHACL to allow conditional predicates. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed planning domain description language with our robotics applications.

With the rapid growth of knowledge, it shows a steady trend of knowledge fragmentization. Knowledge fragmentization manifests as that the knowledge related to a specific topic in a course is scattered in isolated and autonomous knowledge sources. We term the knowledge of a facet in a specific topic as a knowledge fragment. The problem of knowledge fragmentization brings two challenges: First, knowledge is scattered in various knowledge sources, which exerts users' considerable efforts to search for the knowledge of their interested topics, thereby leading to information overload. Second, learning dependencies which refer to the precedence relationships between topics in the learning process are concealed by the isolation and autonomy of knowledge sources, thus causing learning disorientation. To solve the knowledge fragmentization problem, we propose a novel knowledge organization model, knowledge forest, which consists of facet trees and learning dependencies. Facet trees can organize knowledge fragments with facet hyponymy to alleviate information overload. Learning dependencies can organize disordered topics to cope with learning disorientation. We conduct extensive experiments on three manually constructed datasets from the Data Structure, Data Mining, and Computer Network courses, and the experimental results show that knowledge forest can effectively organize knowledge fragments, and alleviate information overload and learning disorientation.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can now automate the algorithm selection, feature engineering, and hyperparameter tuning steps in a machine learning workflow. Commonly known as AutoML or AutoAI, these technologies aim to relieve data scientists from the tedious manual work. However, today's AutoAI systems often present only limited to no information about the process of how they select and generate model results. Thus, users often do not understand the process, neither they trust the outputs. In this short paper, we build an experimental system AutoAIViz that aims to visualize AutoAI's model generation process to increase users' level of understanding and trust in AutoAI systems. Through a user study with 10 professional data scientists, we find that the proposed system helps participants to complete the data science tasks, and increases their perceptions of understanding and trust in the AutoAI system.

This paper proposes a tentative and original survey of meeting points between Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) and Machine Learning (ML), two areas which have been developing quite separately in the last three decades. Some common concerns are identified and discussed such as the types of used representation, the roles of knowledge and data, the lack or the excess of information, or the need for explanations and causal understanding. Then some methodologies combining reasoning and learning are reviewed (such as inductive logic programming, neuro-symbolic reasoning, formal concept analysis, rule-based representations and ML, uncertainty in ML, or case-based reasoning and analogical reasoning), before discussing examples of synergies between KRR and ML (including topics such as belief functions on regression, EM algorithm versus revision, the semantic description of vector representations, the combination of deep learning with high level inference, knowledge graph completion, declarative frameworks for data mining, or preferences and recommendation). This paper is the first step of a work in progress aiming at a better mutual understanding of research in KRR and ML, and how they could cooperate.

Machine learning has the potential to be extremely useful in medicine, particularly in the interpretation of medical images. But it also has inherent limitations, especially when it comes to diagnosing early-stage cancer.

Some AI systems achieve goals in challenging environments by drawing on representations of the world informed by past experiences. They generalize these to novel situations, enabling them to complete tasks even in settings they haven't encountered before. As it turns out, reinforcement learning -- a training technique that employs rewards to drive software policies toward goals -- is particularly well-suited to learning world models that summarize an agent's experience, and by extension to facilitating the learning of novel behaviors. Researchers hailing from Google, Alphabet subsidiary DeepMind, and the University of Toronto sought to exploit this with an agent -- Dreamer -- designed to internalize a world model and plan ahead to select actions by "imagining" their long-term outcomes. They say that it not only works for any learning objective, but that Dreamer exceeds existing approaches in data efficiency and computation time as well as final performance.

"The essence of general intelligence is the capacity to imagine oneself" -- myself Recognize that to gain the perspective that comes from seeing things through another's eyes, you must suspend judgement for a time -- only by empathizing can you properly evaluate another point of view. Moravec's paradox is the observation made by many AI researchers that high-level reasoning requires less computation than low-level unconscious cognition. This is an empirical observation that goes against the notion that greater computational capability leads to more intelligent systems. However, we have today computer systems that have super-human symbolic reasoning capabilities. Nobody is going to argue that a man with an abacus, a chess grandmaster or a champion Jeopardy player has any chance at besting a computer.

When it comes to bias and artificial intelligence, there is a common belief that algorithms are only as good as the numbers plugged into them. But the focus on algorithmic bias being concentrated entirely on data has meant we have ignored two aspects of this problem: the deep limitations of existing algorithms and, more importantly, the role of human problem solvers. Powerful as they may be, most of our algorithms only mine correlational relationships without understanding anything about them. My research has found that massive data sets on jobs, education and loans contain more spurious correlations than meaningful causal relationships. It is ludicrous to assume these algorithms will solve problems that we do not understand.

GroSS allows for dynamic and differentiable selection of factorisation rank, which is analogous to a grouped convolution. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, GroSS is the first method to simultaneously train differing numbers of groups within a single layer, as well as all possible combinations between layers. In doing so, GroSS trains an entire grouped convolution architecture search-space concurrently. We demonstrate this through proof-of-concept architecture searches with performance objectives. GroSS represents a significant step towards liberating network architecture search from the burden of training and fine-tuning. Generally, these methods have usually involved careful network design, often relying on domain knowledge to design a structure which can encapsulate the task at hand. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has provided an alternative to hand designed networks, allowing for the search and even direct optimisation of the network's structure. But, the search space for architectures is often vast, with potentially limitless design choices. Furthermore, each configuration must undergo some training or fine-tuning for its efficacy to be determined.