During the British summer, conversations about sport become almost ubiquitous. This year, however, one participant in those conversations was very different: IBM Watson, IBM's cognitive intelligence. The All England Lawn Tennis Club knew that 2016 would feature unusually fierce competition for attention, with the Tour de France and Euro 2016 taking place alongside Wimbledon. More than ever before, social media was going to be a vital tool in directing that conversation, and directing attention to SW19. Wimbledon's "Cognitive Command Centre" – powered by Watson's intelligence running on a hybrid, IBM-managed cloud - scanned social media for emerging news and trends.

"The biology of mind bridges the sciences -- concerned with the natural world -- and the humanities -- concerned with the meaning of human experience." Welcome to Part 3 of this new series exploring artificial general intelligence (AGI). If you missed Part 1 or Part 2, check them out; part 1 covers what AGI is, and part 2 is a brief overview of cognitive science for AI folk. This week we will introduce important concepts in philosophy of mind that I think every computer scientist, AI/ML researcher, or AGI enthusiast should know. The concept of minds--their nature, their implementation, their applications, etc.--are of huge interests to AGI researchers, and even anyone remotely interested in AI; arguably, this is the entire job of an AI/AGI researcher: creating artificial minds (some are just more narrow then others).

"The biology of mind bridges the sciences -- concerned with the natural world -- and the humanities -- concerned with the meaning of human experience." Welcome to Part 3 of this new series exploring artificial general intelligence (AGI). If you missed Part 1 or Part 2, check them out; part 1 covers what AGI is, and part 2 is a brief overview of cognitive science for AI folk. This week we will introduce important concepts in philosophy of mind that I think every computer scientist, AI/ML researcher, or AGI enthusiast should know. The concept of minds--their nature, their implementation, their applications, etc.--are of huge interests to AGI researchers, and even anyone remotely interested in AI; arguably, this is the entire job of an AI/AGI researcher: creating artificial minds (some are just more narrow then others).

Building a humanlike integrative artificial cognitive system, that is, an artificial general intelligence, is one of the goals in artificial intelligence and developmental robotics. Furthermore, a computational model that enables an artificial cognitive system to achieve cognitive development will be an excellent reference for brain and cognitive science. This paper describes the development of a cognitive architecture using probabilistic generative models (PGMs) to fully mirror the human cognitive system. The integrative model is called a whole-brain PGM (WB-PGM). It is both brain-inspired and PGMbased. In this paper, the process of building the WB-PGM and learning from the human brain to build cognitive architectures is described.

Automated testing tools typically create test cases that are different from what human testers create. This often makes the tools less effective, the created tests harder to understand, and thus results in tools providing less support to human testers. Here, we propose a framework based on cognitive science and, in particular, an analysis of approaches to problem-solving, for identifying cognitive processes of testers. The framework helps map test design steps and criteria used in human test activities and thus to better understand how effective human testers perform their tasks. Ultimately, our goal is to be able to mimic how humans create test cases and thus to design more human-like automated test generation systems. We posit that such systems can better augment and support testers in a way that is meaningful to them.

Researchers believe that our thoughts are beyond imagination. Is it possible for a machine to learn to think and decide without the help of humans? This is something that IBM Watson's programming specialists are attempting to do. Their aim is to create a computerized model that mimics the human thought process. Cognitive computing is the product of combining cognitive science and computer science.

Human actions involving hand manipulations are structured according to the making and breaking of hand-object contact, and human visual understanding of action is reliant on anticipation of contact as is demonstrated by pioneering work in cognitive science. Taking inspiration from this, we introduce representations and models centered on contact, which we then use in action prediction and anticipation. We annotate a subset of the EPIC Kitchens dataset to include time-to-contact between hands and objects, as well as segmentations of hands and objects. Using these annotations we train the Anticipation Module, a module producing Contact Anticipation Maps and Next Active Object Segmentations - novel low-level representations providing temporal and spatial characteristics of anticipated near future action. On top of the Anticipation Module we apply Egocentric Object Manipulation Graphs (Ego-OMG), a framework for action anticipation and prediction. Ego-OMG models longer term temporal semantic relations through the use of a graph modeling transitions between contact delineated action states. Use of the Anticipation Module within Ego-OMG produces state-of-the-art results, achieving 1st and 2nd place on the unseen and seen test sets, respectively, of the EPIC Kitchens Action Anticipation Challenge, and achieving state-of-the-art results on the tasks of action anticipation and action prediction over EPIC Kitchens. We perform ablation studies over characteristics of the Anticipation Module to evaluate their utility.

Simulations, along with other similar applications like virtual worlds and video games, require computational models of intelligence that generate realistic and credible behavior for the participating synthetic characters. Cognitive architectures, which are models of the fixed structure underlying intelligent behavior in both natural and artificial systems, provide a conceptually valid common basis, as evidenced by the current efforts towards a standard model of the mind, to generate human-like intelligent behavior for these synthetic characters. Sigma is a cognitive architecture and system that strives to combine what has been learned from four decades of independent work on symbolic cognitive architectures, probabilistic graphical models, and more recently neural models, under its graphical architecture hypothesis. Sigma leverages an extended form of factor graphs towards a uniform grand unification of not only traditional cognitive capabilities but also key non-cognitive aspects, creating unique opportunities for the construction of new kinds of cognitive models that possess a Theory-of-Mind and that are perceptual, autonomous, interactive, affective, and adaptive. In this paper, we will introduce Sigma along with its diverse capabilities and then use three distinct proof-of-concept Sigma models to highlight combinations of these capabilities: (1) Distributional reinforcement learning models in; (2) A pair of adaptive and interactive agent models that demonstrate rule-based, probabilistic, and social reasoning; and (3) A knowledge-free exploration model in which an agent leverages only architectural appraisal variables, namely attention and curiosity, to locate an item while building up a map in a Unity environment.

In the past decade, society has experienced notable growth in a variety of technological areas. However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has not been embraced yet. Industry 4.0 imposes several challenges which include the necessity of new architectural models to tackle the uncertainty that open environments represent to cyber-physical systems (CPS). Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) recycling plants stand for one of such open environments. Here, CPSs must work harmoniously in a changing environment, interacting with similar and not so similar CPSs, and adaptively collaborating with human workers. In this paper, we support the Distributed Adaptive Control (DAC) theory as a suitable Cognitive Architecture for managing a recycling plant. Specifically, a recursive implementation of DAC (between both singleagent and large-scale levels) is proposed to meet the expected demands of the European Project HR-Recycler. Additionally, with the aim of having a realistic benchmark for future implementations of the recursive DAC, a micro-recycling plant prototype is presented. Keywords: Cognitive Architecture, Distributed Adaptive Control, Recycling Plant, Navigation, Motor Control, Human-Robot Interaction.

Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) are at the heart of evidence-based research, setting the foundation for future research and practice. However, producing good quality timely contributions is a challenging and highly cognitive endeavor, which has lately motivated the exploration of automation and support in the SLR process. In this paper we address an often overlooked phase in this process, that of planning literature reviews, and explore under the lenses of cognitive process augmentation how to overcome its most salient challenges. In doing so, we report on the insights from 24 SLR authors on planning practices, its challenges as well as feedback on support strategies inspired by recent advances in cognitive computing.