Google has built machine learning systems that can create their own cryptographic algorithms -- the latest success for AI's use in cybersecurity. But what are the implications of our digital security increasingly being handed over to intelligent machines? Google Brain, the company's California-based AI unit, managed the recent feat by pitting neural networks against each other. Two systems, called Bob and Alice, were tasked with keeping their messages secret from a third, called Eve. None were told how to encrypt messages, but Bob and Alice were given a shared security key that Eve didn't have access too.

Artificial intelligence and robotics are coming into our lives more than ever before and have the potential to transform healthcare, transport, manufacturing, even our domestic chores. Mary "Missy" Cummings, Director of the Humans and Autonomy Lab (HAL) at Duke University, and co-chair of the Global Future Council on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, says the technology will work best in collaboration with humans. While cab drivers may fear for their jobs, she envisages a worldwide shortage of roboticists in 2030.

CAMBRIDGE, MA - 10 Nov 2016: IBM Watson Health (NYSE: IBM) and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard today announced a research initiative aimed at discovering the basis of cancer drug resistance. The five year, $50 million project will study thousands of drug resistant tumors and draw on Watson's computational and machine learning methods to help researchers understand how cancers become resistant to therapies. The anonymized data will be made available to the scientific community to catalyze research worldwide. To help understand how cancers become resistant to specific therapies, Broad Institute will generate tumor genome sequence data from patients who initially respond to treatment but who then become drug-resistant. Broad will use new genome-editing methods to conduct large-scale cancer drug resistance studies in the laboratory, to help identify tumors' specific vulnerabilities.

More chatbots will begin to solve real-world problems. In many instances, early chatbots seemed more like technologies in search of problems than customer-centric solutions. As the chatbot hype subsides, technologies mature, and companies get feedback from customers, the problems that chatbots tackle will become more obvious, and, in turn, more valuable. An example is our own ReplyYes' The Edit, which endeavors to solve the problem of product discovery for music lovers. Through a use of progressive disclosure, short keyword interactions, and machine-based curation of vinyl albums, we give customers a personalized and serendipitous experience to help them find music they love.

Artificial intelligence is already everywhere. Robots are performing surgeries, courts use AI to help determine sentencing and bots trade on the stock market all day. Last week, 150 academics and industry experts published the U.S. Roadmap for Robotics -- just ahead of the presidential election -- to help guide Congress as it moves to figure out how to allocate federal funds to encourage innovation, keep humans safe and, importantly, make sure America remains a global leader. The first Roadmap for Robotics report, published in 2009, inspired the Obama administration to launch the National Robotics Initiative in 2011, a program that allocated $70 million to advancing robotics research in the United States. The 2016 report is a 100-page tome packed with specific, technical recommendations that the contributors believe will be important for Congress to fund and support as robotics starts to take center stage across U.S. industries.

Prior to the era of Artificial Intelligence, humans would collaborate on decisions. As the saying goes, "two brains are better than one." But with advancements in AI, screening data and ideas has been made easier and more efficient. Its impact on the economy and its implications regarding the future of the workforce has ignited a fierce debate that has been contributed to by everyone from Silicon Valley to the White House. Of course there are naysayers, like Nick Bostrom, who warns that AI could quickly turn dark and dispose of humans altogether, saying, "The subsequent world would harbor economic miracles and technological awesomeness, with nobody there to benefit."

MogIA, an artificial intelligence (AI) system developed by an Indian start-up, correctly predicted the outcome of this year's elections. It based its analysis on 20 million data points from platforms such as Google, Twitter, and YouTube, reviewing public engagement across various posts in relation to individual candidates. Earlier this year, an AI system was able to accurately predict the winners of the Kentucky Derby. In October, a study reported that AI can already predict the outcomes of cases at the European Court of Human Rights with a 79% accuracy. Leading up to the historic election, Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton led the late polls with a small, but consistent lead.

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Few industries are as competitive as ecommerce. Not only are online retailers competing with other online stores and brick-and-mortar locations, but also the overall noise that is the Internet. We live in a world where consumer attention span is getting shorter and shorter: 40 percent of people abandon a website that takes more than three seconds to load, and the average shopping cart is abandoned more than 68 percent of the time. I'm hard pressed to find an ecommerce site that is not constantly scrambling to engage more and drive more sales. Technology is finally helping with those efforts in a big way.

This story is part of a series inspired by the subjects and speakers appearing at BBC Future's World-Changing Ideas Summit in Sydney on 15 November. If you believe some AI-watchers, we are racing towards the Singularity – a point at which artificial intelligence outstrips our own and machines go on to improve themselves at an exponential rate. If that happens – and it's a big if – what will become of us? In the last few years, several high-profile voices, from Stephen Hawking to Elon Musk and Bill Gates have warned that we should be more concerned about possible dangerous outcomes of supersmart AI. And they've put their money where their mouth is: Musk is among several billionaire backers of OpenAI, an orgnisation dedicated to developing AI that will benefit humanity.