This article describes our initial experience with building applications programs in a hybrid AI tool environment. Traditional AI systems developments have emphasized a single methodology, such as frames, rules or logic programming, as a methodology that is natural, efficient, and uniform. The applications we have developed suggest that natural-ness, efficiency and flexibility are all increased by trading uniformity for the power that is provided by a small set of appropriate programming and representation tools. The tools we use are based on five major AI methodologies: frame-based knowledge representation with inheritance, rule-based reasoning, LISP, interactive graphics, and active values.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will have profound societal effects. It promises potential benefits (and may also pose risks) in education, defense, business, law and science. In this article we explore how AI is likely to affect employment and the distribution of income. We argue that AI will indeed reduce drastically the need of human toil.

Many techniques for representing knowledge have been proposed, but there have been few reports that compare their application. This article presents an experimental comparison of four knowledge representation schemes: a simple production system, a structured production system. We built four pilot expert systems to solve the same problem: risk management of a large construction project. Observations are made about hoe the structure of the domain knowledge affects the implementation of expert systems and their run time efficiency.

Knowledge engineers qualified to build expert systems are currently in short supply. The production of useful and trustworthy expert systems can be significantly increased by pursing the idea of articulate apprenticeship independent of computer implementations. Making theoretical progress in artificial intelligence should also help.

The prototype system is written in Prolog, a language that has proved to be very powerful and easy to use for problem /rule development. The resulting prototype system (called EXPRS-Expert Prolog System) uses English-like rule constructs of Prolog code. This approach enables the system to generate answers automatically to "why" a ruled fired, and "how" that rule fired. In addition, a rule clause construct is provided which allows direct access to Prolog code routines.

AI technology transfer Is the diffusion of AI research techniques into commercial products. In this article, I will discuss AI technology transfer with particular reference to my experiences with the commercialization of INTELLECT. Next, I will describe my interpretation of the present market structure for AI products and some specific marketing perspectives. I will then briefly describe the product INTELLECT and its capabilities as an example of a state-of-the-art commercial system.

Minutes of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence

Founded in 1972 to develop and disseminate new ideas in computer science, the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) is an off-campus research center of the University of Southern California, with a combined research and support staff of over one hundred. The Institute engages in a broad set of research and application-oriented projects in the computer sciences. The Institute AI research focuses on program synthesis user interfaces, programming environments, natural language, and expert systems. AI researchers are supported by ten personal Lisp workstations, several VAXs, two TOPS-20 systems, and a magnificent view of Marina del Rey.

Artificial Intelligence Research at the University of Maryland

Research in artificial intelligence at the University of Texas at Austin is diverse. It is spread across many departments(Computer Science, Mathematics, the Institute for Computer Science and Computer Applications, and the Linguistics Research Center) and it covers most of the major subareas with AI (natural language, theorem proving, knowledge representation, languages for AI, and applications). Related work is also being done in several other departments, including EE (low-level vision), Psychology, Linguistics, and the Center for Cognitive Science.