I am struck by how little is known about so much of cognition. One goal of this paper is to argue for the need to consider a rich set of interlocking issues in the study of cognition. Mainstream work in cognition—including my own—ignores many critical aspects of animate cognitive systems. Perhaps one reason that existing theories say so little relevant to real world activities is the neglect of social and cultural factors, of emotion, and of the major points that distinguish an animate cognitive system from an artificial one: the need to survive, to regulate its own operation, to maintain itself, to exist in the environment, to change from a small, uneducated, immature system to an adult, developed, knowledgeable one. Human cognition is not the same as artificial cognition, if only because the human organism must also be concerned with the problems of life, of development, of survival.

A classic introduction to artificial intelligence intended to bridge the gap between theory and practice, Principles of Artificial Intelligence describes fundamental AI ideas that underlie applications such as natural language processing, automatic programming, robotics, machine vision, automatic theorem proving, and intelligent data retrieval. Rather than focusing on the subject matter of the applications, the book is organized around general computational concepts involving the kinds of data structures used, the types of operations performed on the data structures, and the properties of the control strategies used. Palo Alto, California: Tioga.

This research was supported at SRI International by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract N00039--79--C--0118 with the Naval Electronic Systems Command. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representative of the official policies either expressed or implied of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or the U. S. Government. The author is grateful to Barbara Grosz, Gary Hendrix and Terry Winograd for comments on an earlier draft of this paper.

In Clarke, M. R. B. (Ed.), Advances in Computer Chess 2, pp. 103-109. Edinburgh University Press

In Clarke, M. R. B. (Ed.), Advances in Computer Chess 2, pp. 103-109. Edinburgh University Press

In AAAI-80, pp. 102–104.

ACM Computing Survey 12:213-253

ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 2(1): 90-121.

Proc. Canadian Soc. for Computational Studies of Intelligence, Univ. Victoria, Victoria, BC (1980)

Earlier version in IJCAI 6 (1979). Artificial Intelligence, 14 (2), 165-203.