Knowledge-Based Backtracking," is a principal researcher for the Advanced Technology Center, Boeing Computer Services, P.O. Jackson Y. Read, coauthor of "Real-Time Knowledge-Based Systems," is a senior analyst and associate investigator of the independent research project on real-time knowledge-based Jack Breese, who reviewed The Principles and Applications of Decision Analysis, systems at Lockheed Artificial Intelligence is with Rockwell, 444 High Street, Palo Alto, California 94301. Preston A. Cox, coauthor of "Real-Time Knowledge-Based Systems," is a scientific programmer specialist for Lockheed's Space System Division in Sunnyvale, Patrick Saint-Dizier is chairman of California. James L. Schmidt, coauthor of "Real- " is a research computer scientist Bryan M. Kramer, author of the Time Knowledge-Based Systems," is a in the Department of Computer review of Expert Systems, is affiliated scientific programmer and associate Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, with Xerox Canada, Inc., 5650 Yonge investigator of the independent Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Street, North York, Ontario M2M research project on real-time knowledge-based 4G7, Canada. Intelligence Center, 2710 Sand Practitioners Should Know about the Thomas J. Laffey, coauthor of "Real-Hill Road, Menlo Park, California Law," is an attorney practicing with Time Knowledge-Based Systems," is a 94025. Nutter, McClennen & Fish, One research scientist and the principal International Place, Boston, Massachusetts investigator of the independent Jeffrey Stout is on the research staff of 02210-2699. She coedited the research Victor Lesser, coauthor of "Approximate in progress, "New Mexico State University's Processing in Real-Time Problem Yorick Wilks is the director of the Computing Research Laboratory."

Real-time domains present a new and challenging environment for the application of knowledge-based problem-solving techniques. However, a substantial amount of research is still needed to solve many difficult problems before real-time expert systems can enhance current monitoring and control systems. In this article, we examine how the real-time problem domain is significantly different from those domains which have traditionally been solved by expert systems. We conduct a survey on the current state of the art in applying knowledge-based systems to real-time problems and describe the key issues that are pertinent in a real-time domain. The survey is divided into three areas: applications, tools, and theoretic issues. From the results of the survey, we identify a set of real-time research issues that have yet to be solved and point out limitations of current tools for real-time problems. Finally, we propose a set of requirements that a real-time knowledge-based system must satisfy.

An informal workshop on concurrent logic programming, metaprogramming, and open systems was held at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) on 8-9 September 1987 with support from the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. The 50 workshop participants came from the Japanese Fifth Generation Project (ICOT), the Weizmann Institute of Sci-ence in Israel, Imperial College in London, the Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Stanford University, the Mas-sachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Cal Tech, Science University of Tokyo, Melbourne University, Calgary University, University of Wisconsin, Case Western Reserve, University of Oregon, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Quintus, Symbolics, IBM, and Xerox PARC. No proceedings were generated; instead, participants distributed copies of drafts, slides, and recent papers.

The fundamental observation we will hands ask, have all the big ideas gone? This is, put field is a real change with several causes, differently, a traditional thesis of artificial and not simply an illusion. Two factors intelligence, namely that the immediately spring to mind: hardware may vary but the basic problems of intelligent action remain the - To some extent, it reflects the maturation same. For example, one big problem is of the field. This notion permeates all of problems are solved, the remaining of artificial intelligence's relatives but problems are harder, making progress less so artificial intelligence itself.

This is Part 1 of a two-part article. Part 2 covers tort liability and computers as expert witnesses. It will appear in the Summer 1988 issue of AI Magazine. Technological developments that remove ever-increasing numbers of cognitive tasks from human control will alter the assumptions on which current legal rules are based. These rules will have a growing impact on AI researchers and entrepreneurs as their work reaches a growing audience of beneficiaries. In order to accommodate the needs of practitioners and their recipients, courts and lawmakers will be forced to reevaluate principles whose foundations were developed well before the implications of advanced technology could have been predicted. This article attempts to identify areas of law in which the need for accommodation will be greatest and provide some insight into the process and the direction of change.

A new procedure is presented for growing min-max game trees. In large games, such as chess, decisions must be based on incomplete search trees. The new tree-growth procedure is based on “conspiracy numbers” as a measure of the accuracy of the root minimax value of an incomplete tree. Conspiracy numbers measure the number of leaf nodes whose value must change in order to change the minimax root value by a given amount. Trees are grown in a way that maximizes the conspiracy required to change the root value.

"This is a popular interpretation of expert systems - computer models providing artificial intelligence to managers and businessmen - which are transforming business in the 1980s. The book gives an inside view of many international companies such as Canon, Westinghouse, IBM, Du Pont and others." New York: Times Books.

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In this proposal, I describe a. method for formulating plans from

Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence: 301-306