This blog post is based on the work BaNEL: Exploration Posteriors for Generative Modeling Using Only Negative Rewards . The ultimate aim of machine learning research is to push machines beyond human limits in critical applications, including the next generation of theorem proving, algorithmic problem solving, and drug discovery. A standard recipe involves: (1) pre-training models on existing data to obtain base models, and then (2) post-training them using scalar reward signals that measure the quality or correctness of the generated samples. The probability of producing a positive-reward sample can be so low that the model may go through most of the training without ever encountering a positive reward. Calls to the reward oracle can be expensive or risky, requiring costly simulations, computations, or even physical experiments.

Gina Rinehart is an honorary life member of the IPA and'a generous contributor to many causes,' IPA executive director, Scott Hargreaves, says. Gina Rinehart is an honorary life member of the IPA and'a generous contributor to many causes,' IPA executive director, Scott Hargreaves, says. Australia's richest person, Gina Rinehart has previously donated to Institute of Public Affairs but thinktank won't say if she remains a donor A thinktank known for its rejection of the climate crisis and a conservation group that has opposed renewable energy projects refused to identify their funders during a fiery Senate inquiry into climate and energy misinformation on Wednesday. Chair of the committee, Greens senator Peter Whish-Wilson, asked Rainforest Reserves Australia's vice-president, Steven Nowakowski, who had funded nine full-page newspaper advertisements promoting an open letter attacking a shift to renewable energy and promoting nuclear. Nowakowski said they were paid for by donations, some coming from the signatories of the letter, but would not name them.

The Munich court found that OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, was not entitled to use song lyrics to train its artificial intelligence without licenses, and that the artists who wrote them are entitled to compensation. The Munich court found that the maker of ChatGPT was not entitled to use song lyrics to train its artificial intelligence without licenses, and that the artists who wrote them are entitled to compensation. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever. By subscribing, you can help us get the story right. With your current subscription plan you can comment on stories.

SoftBank sells Nvidia stake for $5.8 billion to fund AI bets SoftBank Group founder Masayoshi Son is aggressively seeking to capitalize on booming investment in AI and chips, even as he scales back other investments. SoftBank Group sold its entire stake in Nvidia for $5.83 billion to help bankroll artificial intelligence investments, even as investors question the amount of capital pouring into a technology with uncertain returns. Founder Masayoshi Son has been unwinding positions to pay for a plethora of AI projects, from Stargate data centers with OpenAI and Oracle to robot manufacturing sites in the United States. The Nvidia exit coincides with a growing debate about whether spending by big tech firms like Meta Platforms and Alphabet -- expected to surpass $1 trillion in coming years -- will produce commensurate returns. SoftBank's stock slid more than 10% in Tokyo on Wednesday, highlighting how investors remain nervous about lofty tech valuations.

Volker Turk, United Nations high commissioner for human rights, attends the Human Rights Council in Geneva on Sept. 8. | REUTERS Geneva - A few tech giants accumulating massive power coupled with artificial intelligence is posing huge global rights challenges and needs regulation, the U.N. human rights chief said in an interview. Amid increasing worries over threats to democracy and with a growing number of countries at risk of sliding towards autocracy, Volker Turk said a key concern was the seeming unbridled power of a small number of technology companies. In an interview this week at the UN rights office overlooking Lake Geneva, he pointed to how seven or eight big tech companies now boast more wealth than the entire economies of even industrialized nations. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever. By subscribing, you can help us get the story right.

Is the fall of Pokrovsk inevitable? Is Trump losing patience with Putin? Will sanctions against Russian oil giants hurt Putin? Ukraine's top military commander, Oleksandr Syrskii, said the army's situation has "significantly worsened" in parts of the southeastern Zaporizhia region amid fierce fighting with Russian forces. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in a post on X that he had received an update from Syrskii, which conveyed that the situation" remains difficult" in the Zaporizhia region, as well as in the direction of the embattled city of Pokrovsk .

The UK government will allow tech firms and child safety charities to proactively test artificial intelligence tools to make sure they cannot create child sexual abuse imagery. An amendment to the Crime and Policing Bill announced on Wednesday would enable authorised testers to assess models for their ability to generate illegal child sexual abuse material (CSAM) prior to their release. Technology Secretary Liz Kendall said the measures would ensure AI systems can be made safe at the source - though some campaigners argue more still needs to be done. It comes as the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) said the number of AI-related CSAM reports had doubled over the past year. The charity, one of only a few in the world licensed to actively search for child abuse content online, said it had removed 426 pieces of reported material between January and October 2025.

New consoles used to come out every five years - so where's the PlayStation 6? You used to be able to count the number of years between game consoles on one hand. The original Sony PlayStation came out in the UK in September 1995. Five years later, the PS2 was released and brought with it significant changes. It was a similar story for other consoles but, of late, things seem to have slowed down - which might explain why, as the PS5 hits its fifth anniversary, a potential PS6 is nowhere in sight.

Kanishka Narayan, the minister for AI and online safety, said the measure was'ultimately stopping abuse before it happens'. Kanishka Narayan, the minister for AI and online safety, said the measure was'ultimately stopping abuse before it happens'. Tech companies and UK child safety agencies to test AI tools' ability to create abuse images Tech companies and child protection agencies will be given the power to test whether artificial intelligence tools can produce child abuse images under a new UK law. The announcement was made as a safety watchdog revealed that reports of AI-generated child sexual abuse material [CSAM] have more than doubled in the past year from 199 in 2024 to 426 in 2025. Under the change, the government will give designated AI companies and child safety organisations permission to examine AI models - the underlying technology for chatbots such as ChatGPT and image generators such as Google's Veo 3 - and ensure they have safeguards to prevent them from creating images of child sexual abuse .

The diffusion of ideas and language in society has conventionally been described by S-shaped models, such as the logistic curve. However, the role of sub-exponential growth -- a slower-than-exponential pattern known in epidemiology -- has been largely overlooked in broader social phenomena. Here, we present a piecewise power-law model to characterize complex growth curves with a few parameters. We systematically analyzed a large-scale dataset of approximately one billion Japanese blog articles linked to Wikipedia vocabulary, and observed consistent patterns in web search trend data (English, Spanish, and Japanese). Our analysis of 2,963 items, selected for reliable estimation (e.g., sufficient duration/peak, monotonic growth), reveals that 1,625 (55%) diffusion patterns without abrupt level shifts were adequately described by one or two segments. For single-segment curves, we found that (i) the mode of the shape parameter $α$ was near 0.5, indicating prevalent sub-exponential growth; (ii) the peak diffusion scale is primarily determined by the growth rate $R$, with minor contributions from $α$ or the duration $T$; and (iii) $α$ showed a tendency to vary with the nature of the topic, being smaller for niche/local topics and larger for widely shared ones. Furthermore, a micro-behavioral model of outward (stranger) vs. inward (community) contact suggests that $α$ can be interpreted as an index of the preference for outward-oriented communication. These findings suggest that sub-exponential growth is a common pattern of social diffusion, and our model provides a practical framework for consistently describing, comparing, and interpreting complex and diverse growth curves.