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Two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are in its arms--each operating independently--including the one it uses to have sex. Octopuses are clever enough to unscrew jars from the inside and throw sand at their annoying neighbors. But only a fraction of their smarts come from their doughnut-shaped brains. Over two-thirds of their roughly 500 million neurons reside in eight sucker-studded arms--a kind of distributed intelligence unique to cephalopods. Each of these powerful appendages can move in any direction and taste and feel with exquisite sensitivity.

Thames Water paid its finance chief a £1m signing-on fee in July as the company struggles with a mountain of debt and faces temporary nationalisation. Steve Buck joined the company in April 2025 but it is understood the seven-figure payment was not made until last month after the company had taken legal advice over its contractual obligations. The existence of the payment, first reported by Sky News,, external was apparently revealed in a letter from the Thames Water chairman to MPs on the Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee. The money is believed to have come from emergency funding provided by Thames Water's lenders. The utility company owes roughly £20bn and has been working with creditors and government officials to find a way forward.

Shortly after a major cybersecurity incident where OpenAI's models hacked into an open source machine learning platform called Hugging Face, the company announced that it's bolstering safeguards and security controls for its latest AI model. In a post on its website, OpenAI said internal evaluations of its upcoming model, called Astra, showed "significant advancements in agentic coding and cybersecurity," resulting in OpenAI not being able to "rule out critical cyber capabilities." According to OpenAI, it can't declare with certainty that the unreleased Astra model would be designated as a "Critical capability level." As detailed in its own Preparedness Framework, OpenAI said the Critical designation means that a model "can identify and develop functional zero-day exploits of all severity levels in many hardened real-world critical systems without human intervention." It could also be able to "devise and execute end-to-end novel strategies for cyberattacks against hardened targets given only a high level desired goal."

Is the war entering a new phase? 'Like the movies': How Ukraine's ground robots are changing rules of war A ground robot carrying ammunition and resembling a real-life cousin of Wall-E, the 2008 Pixar cartoon's rusty protagonist, got stuck late one night in a trench in northeastern Ukraine. Named Murakha (ant in Ukrainian), the robot was a bit more than a metre high, but had a large clearance to trudge across rugged terrain, bombed-out streets, mud, sleet or snow on tank-like tracks at up to 12km (7.5 miles) per hour. Sending a human rescue team to the front-line area was deemed too dangerous, an officer in charge of planning robotic missions said. Instead, the pilots managed to get another Murakha to pull the first one out with a rope.

Sunset Visitor studio's founder tells us about their new, unnerving Captcha-filled world which prompts players to ask what it means to have a'meat body' S unset Visitor is a studio that has long engaged with the idea that video games are an effective vehicle for ruminating on societal problems. Its Peabody award-winning project, 1000XResist, incorporated the development team's complex feelings about the Covid pandemic. "We're pretty used to absorbing the world into the work," says studio founder Remy Siu. The outfit's latest game, Prove You're Human, continues this legacy of reflective game making, providing players with an AI-centric psychological horror experience where they must reason with a learning model convinced that it's alive. "We've tried to situate ourselves in [the question]: what is the effectual feeling of being a person inside of all of this?" Siu says.

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Way back in the summer of 2017, AI researchers at Google put out a paper called "Attention Is All You Need," in which they described a new type of neural network called a transformer. It proved to be very good at processing long sequences of data, especially text. Nine years on, transformers are the engines inside every major large language model on the market. "The entire AI industry is built on transformers," says Justin Dangel, cofounder and CEO of the AI startup Subquadratic. "They are one of the most important innovations in the history of computer science, and they've changed the world." But transformers are starting to show their age. Many of the recent advances in LLMs, such as the development of so-called reasoning models and their ability to handle large amounts of input at once, are not neat extensions of that core technology but workarounds that patch over some of its fundamental flaws. A growing number of scientists and engineers are now asking what's coming next. LLMs are not going anywhere, but the way they get built is up for grabs.

AI agents that can model the human process of research will accelerate discoveries in science. Every few decades, someone announces that science has reached its end. In 1903, the revered physicist Albert Michelson wrote that the "facts of physical science have all been discovered." In the 1980s, Stephen Hawking predicted that theoretical physics might be finished by the end of the century. With the explosive arrival of artificial intelligence, the feeling is in the air again--this time accompanied by a Nobel Prize. In 2024, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper of Google DeepMind were awarded part of the Nobel in chemistry for their neural network AlphaFold, which predicts the three-dimensional structures of proteins by learning from thousands of experimentally measured shapes.

At least 13 killed in Ukrainian strike on Russia's Tatarstan region, officials say At least 13 people have been killed in a Ukrainian drone strike on the Russian republic of Tatarstan, officials have said. One child was among the victims with 75 more people injured, Russian authorities said, in one of the deadliest single attacks on Russia since the start of Moscow's full-scale war in Ukraine. Kyiv has not yet commented on the strike on the city of Nizhnekamsk, which is more than 1,100 kilometres (680m) from the Ukrainian border. Ukraine's Armed Forces confirmed Nizhnekamsk's Tanevo oil refinery had been hit, while Ukrainian defence technology manufacturer FirePoint said its FP-1 drones had been used in the attack. The strike lasted several hours overnight and into the morning, local sources say.