Most of the literature in fair machine learning focuses on defining and achieving fairness criteria in the context of prediction, while not explicitly focusing on how these predictions may be used later on in the pipeline.
Recent advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence have relied on fitting highly overparam-eterized models, notably deep neural networks, to observed data; e.g.
Pretraining CNN models (i.e., UNet) through self-supervision has become a powerful approach to facilitate medical image segmentation under low annotation regimes.