In this paper, we delve into the computation graph of the language model to uncover the knowledge circuits that are instrumental in articulating specific knowledge.

To foster their reliable use in real-world scenarios, it is crucial to augment their transparency.

The black hole imaging problem is non-convex and highly ill-posed due to severe noise corruption and measurement sparsity.

From 2026, applicants in Japan without residence cards will generally be barred from taking the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) in the country. Tourists visiting Japan will no longer be allowed to take the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) in the country from 2026, organizations that administer the exam have announced. The administrators said applicants in Japan will, in principle, be required to hold a mid-to long-term residence status or special permanent residency under the country's residence management system, and must provide a residence card number and expiration date when applying. The JLPT is the largest scale Japanese-language test in the world. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever.

Probabilistic prediction aims to compute predictive distributions rather than single point predictions. These distributions enable practitioners to quantify uncertainty, compute risk, and detect outliers. However, most probabilistic methods assume parametric responses, such as Gaussian or Poisson distributions.

Instead of relying on the LLM itself to unlearn, we enforce an unlearned state during inference by employing a prompt classifier to identify and safeguard prompts to forget.

We employ a total of 26 annotators, consisting of 14 females and 12 males.