This paper presents a novel approach to compressing IP flow records using deep learning techniques, specifically autoencoders. Our method aims to significantly reduce data volume while maintaining the utility of the compressed data for downstream analysis tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through extensive experiments on a large-scale, real-world network traffic dataset. The proposed autoencoder-based compression achieves a 3.28x reduction in data size while preserving 99.20% accuracy in a multi-class traffic classification task, compared to 99.77% accuracy with uncompressed data. This marginal decrease in performance is offset by substantial gains in storage efficiency and potential improvements in processing speed. Our method shows particular promise in distinguishing between various modern application protocols, including encrypted traffic from popular services. The implications of this work extend to more efficient network monitoring, real-time analysis in resource-constrained environments, and scalable network management solutions.

Each specification defines the expected model output for a given input space ( 2.1). The increasing adoption of neural networks in learning-augmented systems highlights the importance Specifically, researchers have relied on their domain knowledge of model safety and robustness, particularly and intuition about individual applications to manually in safety-critical domains. Despite progress in create specifications. For instance, in adaptive video streaming, the formal verification of neural networks, current where a neural network is employed to determine the practices require users to manually define model bitrate for the next video chunk based on recent network specifications--properties that dictate expected conditions, Eliyahu et al. (2021) define a specification as, model behavior in various scenarios. This manual "[if video] chunks were downloaded quickly (more quickly process, however, is prone to human error, limited than it takes to play a chunk), the DNN should eventually in scope, and time-consuming. In this paper, not choose the worst resolution." Similar manual specifications we introduce AutoSpec, the first framework to are devised for other learning-augmented systems, e.g., automatically generate comprehensive and accurate database indexes (Tan et al., 2021), memory allocators (Wei specifications for neural networks in learningaugmented et al., 2023), and job schedulers (Wu et al., 2022).

It's possible to distribute the Internet to users via drones. However it is then necessary to place the drones according to the positions of the users. Moreover, the 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) technology is designed to accommodate a wide range of applications and industries. The NGNM 5G White Paper \cite{5gwhitepaper} groups these vertical use cases into three categories: - enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) - massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) - Ultra-Reliable Low-latency Communication (URLLC). Partitioning the physical network into multiple virtual networks appears to be the best way to provide a customised service for each application and limit operational costs. This design is well known as \textit{network slicing}. Each drone must thus slice its bandwidth between each of the 3 user classes. This whole problem (placement + bandwidth) can be defined as an optimization problem, but since it is very hard to solve efficiently, it is almost always addressed by AI in the litterature. In my internship, I wanted to prove that viewing the problem as an optimization problem can still be useful, by building an hybrid solution involving on one hand AI and on the other optimization. I use it to achieve better results than approaches that use only AI, although at the cost of slightly larger (but still reasonable) computation times.

They enable efficient management of resources and network traffic, a definite advantage in the age of increasingly complex networks requiring dynamic management. By centralizing control and enabling flexible management, SDN offers new opportunities for network optimization. Nevertheless, fully realizing the potential of SDN requires the development of advanced and adaptive control methods. This article focuses on analyzing current methods of flexible control for SDN networks and presenting a solution to improve the efficiency and adaptability of network management. The approach presented is based on the application of machine learning, specifically the Reinforcement Learning (RL) [2]. This technique allows networks to make autonomous decisions based on previous experiences and dynamically changing conditions, which is similar to the way humans learn. The goal of the proposed solution is to not only increase network performance, but to improve its flexibility and real-time adaptability. The use of reinforcement learning enables dynamic and flexible control of network traffic, resulting in more efficient and responsive resource management [3]. The article reviews existing solutions and describes in detail the original approach developed in-its own, pointing out its potential benefits and implementation possibilities.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models may carry societal transformation to an extent demanding a delicate balance between opportunity and risk. This manuscript is the first of a series of White Papers informing the development of IEEE-SA's p3995: `Standard for the Implementation of Safeguards, Controls, and Preventive Techniques for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Models', Chair: Marina Cort\^{e}s (https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/3395/11378/). In this first horizon-scanning we identify key attention areas for standards activities in AI. We examine different principles for regulatory efforts, and review notions of accountability, privacy, data rights and mis-use. As a safeguards standard we devote significant attention to the stability of global infrastructures and consider a possible overdependence on cloud computing that may result from densely coupled AI components. We review the recent cascade-failure-like Crowdstrike event in July 2024, as an illustration of potential impacts on critical infrastructures from AI-induced incidents in the (near) future. It is the first of a set of articles intended as White Papers informing the audience on the standard development. Upcoming articles will focus on regulatory initiatives, technology evolution and the role of AI in specific domains.

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various fields, from natural language processing to sectors like medicine and finance. However, despite their rapid proliferation, the applications of LLMs in telecommunications remain limited, often relying on general-purpose models that lack domain-specific specialization. This lack of specialization results in underperformance, particularly when dealing with telecommunications-specific technical terminology and their associated mathematical representations. This paper addresses this gap by first creating and disseminating Tele-Data, a comprehensive dataset of telecommunications material curated from relevant sources, and Tele-Eval, a large-scale question-and-answer dataset tailored to the domain. Through extensive experiments, we explore the most effective training techniques for adapting LLMs to the telecommunications domain, ranging from examining the division of expertise across various telecommunications aspects to employing parameter-efficient techniques. We also investigate how models of different sizes behave during adaptation and analyze the impact of their training data on this behavior. Leveraging these findings, we develop and open-source Tele-LLMs, the first series of language models ranging from 1B to 8B parameters, specifically tailored for telecommunications. Our evaluations demonstrate that these models outperform their general-purpose counterparts on Tele-Eval while retaining their previously acquired capabilities, thus avoiding the catastrophic forgetting phenomenon.

As network data applications continue to expand, causal inference within networks has garnered increasing attention. However, hidden confounders complicate the estimation of causal effects. Most methods rely on the strong ignorability assumption, which presumes the absence of hidden confounders-an assumption that is both difficult to validate and often unrealistic in practice. To address this issue, we propose CgNN, a novel approach that leverages network structure as instrumental variables (IVs), combined with graph neural networks (GNNs) and attention mechanisms, to mitigate hidden confounder bias and improve causal effect estimation. By utilizing network structure as IVs, we reduce confounder bias while preserving the correlation with treatment. Our integration of attention mechanisms enhances robustness and improves the identification of important nodes. Validated on two real-world datasets, our results demonstrate that CgNN effectively mitigates hidden confounder bias and offers a robust GNN-driven IV framework for causal inference in complex network data.

This paper addresses the critical problem of interference rejection in radio-frequency (RF) signals using a novel, data-driven approach that leverages state-of-the-art AI models. Traditionally, interference rejection algorithms are manually tailored to specific types of interference. This work introduces a more scalable data-driven solution and contains the following contributions. First, we present an insightful signal model that serves as a foundation for developing and analyzing interference rejection algorithms. Second, we introduce the RF Challenge, a publicly available dataset featuring diverse RF signals along with code templates, which facilitates data-driven analysis of RF signal problems. Third, we propose novel AI-based rejection algorithms, specifically architectures like UNet and WaveNet, and evaluate their performance across eight different signal mixture types. These models demonstrate superior performance--exceeding traditional methods like matched filtering and linear minimum mean square error estimation by up to two orders of magnitude in bit-error rate. Fourth, we summarize the results from an open competition hosted at 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2024) based on the RF Challenge, highlighting the significant potential for continued advancements in this area. Our findings underscore the promise of deep learning algorithms in mitigating interference, offering a strong foundation for future research.

In the rapidly evolving domain of satellite communications, integrating advanced machine learning techniques, particularly split learning, is crucial for enhancing data processing and model training efficiency across satellites, space stations, and ground stations. Traditional ML approaches often face significant challenges within satellite networks due to constraints such as limited bandwidth and computational resources. To address this gap, we propose a novel framework for more efficient SL in satellite communications. Our approach, Dynamic Topology Informed Pruning, namely DTIP, combines differential privacy with graph and model pruning to optimize graph neural networks for distributed learning. DTIP strategically applies differential privacy to raw graph data and prunes GNNs, thereby optimizing both model size and communication load across network tiers. Extensive experiments across diverse datasets demonstrate DTIP's efficacy in enhancing privacy, accuracy, and computational efficiency. Specifically, on Amazon2M dataset, DTIP maintains an accuracy of 0.82 while achieving a 50% reduction in floating-point operations per second. Similarly, on ArXiv dataset, DTIP achieves an accuracy of 0.85 under comparable conditions. Our framework not only significantly improves the operational efficiency of satellite communications but also establishes a new benchmark in privacy-aware distributed learning, potentially revolutionizing data handling in space-based networks.

Estimating causal effects is crucial for decision-makers in many applications, but it is particularly challenging with observational network data due to peer interactions. Many algorithms have been proposed to estimate causal effects involving network data, particularly peer effects, but they often overlook the variety of peer effects. To address this issue, we propose a general setting which considers both peer direct effects and peer indirect effects, and the effect of an individual's own treatment, and provide identification conditions of these causal effects and proofs. To estimate these causal effects, we utilize attention mechanisms to distinguish the influences of different neighbors and explore high-order neighbor effects through multi-layer graph neural networks (GNNs). Additionally, to control the dependency between node features and representations, we incorporate the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) into the GNN, fully utilizing the structural information of the graph, to enhance the robustness and accuracy of the model. Extensive experiments on two semi-synthetic datasets confirm the effectiveness of our approach. Our theoretical findings have the potential to improve intervention strategies in networked systems, with applications in areas such as social networks and epidemiology.