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Deep Learning for Physical-Layer 5G Wireless Techniques: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The new demands for high-reliability and ultra-high capacity wireless communication have led to extensive research into 5G communications. However, the current communication systems, which were designed on the basis of conventional communication theories, significantly restrict further performance improvements and lead to severe limitations. Recently, the emerging deep learning techniques have been recognized as a promising tool for handling the complicated communication systems, and their potential for optimizing wireless communications has been demonstrated. In this article, we first review the development of deep learning solutions for 5G communication, and then propose efficient schemes for deep learning-based 5G scenarios. Specifically, the key ideas for several important deep learningbased communication methods are presented along with the research opportunities and challenges. H. Huang, G. Gui, Z. Yang, and H. Sari are with Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China. S. Guo is with Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (Email: song.guo@polyu.edu.hk). J. Zhang is with Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication (BUPT), Beijing 100876, China (Email: jhzhang@bupt.edu.cn). F. Adachi is with Wireless Signal Processing Research Group, Research Organization of Electrical Communication (ROEC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan (Email: adachi@ecei.tohoku.ac.jp).


'Companies are seldom treated like this': how Huawei fought back

The Guardian

A pillar box red electric train connects Paris, Verona and Grenada via Budapest's Liberty Bridge and on to Heidelberg Castle in a 120-hectare fantasy business park dreamt up by the Chinese billionaire Ren Zhengfei. Ren, 74, a former Red Army engineer who founded the telecommunications company Huawei in 1987 and still owns a 1.14% stake, asked the Japanese architect Kengo Kuma to recreate some of Europe's most historic cities. He hoped to inspire an army of 25,000 research and development staff to challenge Apple, Google and Samsung. While its US competitors keep their research facilities on lockdown to prevent corporate espionage (oft allegedly by the Chinese), Huawei is inviting the world's media into its labs and factories in an attempt to dispel the US government's claims that the privately held company is an arm of the Chinese state and that its technology could be used to hack into western governments. US politicians allege that Huawei's forthcoming 5G mobile phone networks could be hacked by Chinese spies to eavesdrop on sensitive phone calls, gain access to counter-terrorist operations โ€“ and potentially even kill targets by crashing driverless cars.


Ready for 6G? How AI will shape the network of the future

MIT Technology Review

By any criteria, 5G is a significant advance on the previous 4G standards. The first 5G networks already offer download speeds of up to 600 megabits per second and have the potential to get significantly faster. By contrast, 4G generally operates at up to 28 Mbits/s--and most mobile-phone users will have experienced that rate grinding to zero from time to time, for reasons that aren't always clear.


Apple settles dispute with Qualcomm, potentially allowing new features to come to the iPhone

The Independent - Tech

Apple has settled a major argument with chip maker Qualcomm that could help change the future of the iPhone. The two companies were locked in a bitter and worldwide international dispute about the technology that iPhones use to connect to the internet. The pair had been expected to try and resolve the dispute in legal hearings in San Diego, in a case that involved Apple's key iPhone suppliers. But just as that case began, the surprise truce was announced, with few details of the settlement being revealed. We'll tell you what's true.


SynC: A Unified Framework for Generating Synthetic Population with Gaussian Copula

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Synthetic population generation is the process of combining multiple socioeonomic and demographic datasets from various sources and at different granularity, and downscaling them to an individual level. Although it is a fundamental step for many data science tasks, an efficient and standard framework is absent. In this study, we propose a multi-stage framework called SynC (Synthetic Population via Gaussian Copula) to fill the gap. SynC first removes potential outliers in the data and then fits the filtered data with a Gaussian copula model to correctly capture dependencies and marginal distributions of sampled survey data. Finally, SynC leverages neural networks to merge datasets into one and then scales them accordingly to match the marginal constraints. We make four key contributions in this work: 1) propose a novel framework for generating individual level data from aggregated data sources by combining state-of-the-art machine learning and statistical techniques, 2) design a metric for validating the accuracy of generated data when the ground truth is hard to obtain, 3) demonstrate its effectiveness with the Canada National Census data and presenting two real-world use cases where datasets of this nature can be leveraged by businesses, and 4) release an easy-to-use framework implementation for reproducibility.


Bayesian estimation of the latent dimension and communities in stochastic blockmodels

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Spectral embedding of adjacency or Laplacian matrices of undirected graphs is a common technique for representing a network in a lower dimensional latent space, with optimal theoretical guarantees. The embedding can be used to estimate the community structure of the network, with strong consistency results in the stochastic blockmodel framework. One of the main practical limitations of standard algorithms for community detection from spectral embeddings is that the number of communities and the latent dimension of the embedding must be specified in advance. In this article, a novel Bayesian model for simultaneous and automatic selection of the appropriate dimension of the latent space and the number of blocks is proposed. Extensions to directed and bipartite graphs are discussed. The model is tested on simulated and real world network data, showing promising performance for recovering latent community structure.


Multi-Armed Bandit for Energy-Efficient and Delay-Sensitive Edge Computing in Dynamic Networks with Uncertainty

arXiv.org Machine Learning

In the emerging edge-computing paradigm, mobile devices offload the computational tasks to an edge server by routing the required data over the wireless network. The full potential of edge-computing becomes realized only if the devices select the most appropriate server in terms of the latency and energy consumption, among many available ones. This problem is, however, challenging due to the randomness of the environment and lack of prior information about the environment. Therefore, a smart device, which sequentially chooses a server under uncertainty, attempts to improve its decision based on the historical time- and energy consumption. The problem becomes more complicated in a dynamic environment, where key variables might undergo abrupt changes. To deal with the aforementioned problem, we first analyze the required time and energy to data transmission and processing. We then use the analysis to cast the problem as a budget-constrained multi-armed bandit problem, where each arm is associated with a reward and cost, with time-variant statistical characteristics. We propose a policy to solve the formulated bandit problem and prove a regret bound. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to a number of existing solutions.


AutoEncoders for Training Compact Deep Learning RF Classifiers for Wireless Protocols

arXiv.org Machine Learning

We show that compact fully connected (FC) deep learning networks trained to classify wireless protocols using a hierarchy of multiple denoising autoencoders (AEs) outperform reference FC networks trained in a typical way, i.e., with a stochastic gradient based optimization of a given FC architecture. Not only is the complexity of such FC network, measured in number of trainable parameters and scalar multiplications, much lower than the reference FC and residual models, its accuracy also outperforms both models for nearly all tested SNR values (0 dB to 50dB). Such AE-trained networks are suited for in-situ protocol inference performed by simple mobile devices based on noisy signal measurements. Training is based on the data transmitted by real devices, and collected in a controlled environment, and systematically augmented by a policy-based data synthesis process by adding to the signal any subset of impairments commonly seen in a wireless receiver.


Qualcomm's Snapdragon 730G processor was built for kick-ass mobile gaming

PCWorld

While Qualcomm has integrated several gaming-specific technologies into its Snapdragon mobile processors, on Tuesday the company announced something a little different: a version of its Snapdragon 730 optimized for gaming, dubbed the Snapdragon 730G. Though mobile gaming may be an idle pastime with American consumers, it's a way of life overseas. Over 586 million mobile gamers are in China alone--twice the population of the United States, according to Qualcomm's Hiren Bhinde at Qualcomm's technology summit last December. It isn't clear which phones and mobile devices Qualcomm has in mind for the Snapdragon 730G, but recent gaming phones from Asus ROG and Razer indicate that Qualcomm was designing for what they hope will be a trend. Though most premium smartphones use Qualcomm's 8-series CPUs like the Snapdragon 855, the new 7-series chips are designed for a slightly cheaper but still premium phone.


Qualcomm's latest chip will give midrange phones a gaming boost

Engadget

Flagship features continue to trickle down from $1,000 phones to their more-affordable brothers, and the same is happening with the chips that power them. Qualcomm unveiled new midrange mobile CPUs today that offer advanced features typically reserved for high-end phones, like AI processing and gaming enhancements. The Snapdragon 730, 730G and 665 are supposed to show up in (presumably cheaper-than-flagship) devices in mid-2019, meaning we may have a slate of budget-friendly handsets to look out for. For the first time, Qualcomm is launching a gaming-specific version of a chipset alongside the regular one. The Snapdragon 730G (G stands for Gaming, get it?)