WASHINGTON, July 12, 2022 – Representatives from academia and a nonprofit diverged at a Bipartisan Policy Center event Tuesday about whether the government should step in and minimize problems associated with artificial intelligence, including bias and discrimination in algorithms. "We really do want actors to help us establish national and international guidelines," said Miriam Vogel, president, and CEO of EqualAI, a nonprofit that seeks to reduce bias in AI. "We are driving full speed without lanes, without speed limits to manage the expectations." While acknowledging the benefits of AI in society today, Vogel said its algorithms present risk that often leads to bias and discrimination. She shared the example of how facial recognition misses certain voices or skin tones. AI is used in various sectors and powers algorithms that cater services to individuals.

Machine learning (ML) is playing an increasingly important role in rendering decisions that affect a broad range of groups in society. ML models inform decisions in criminal justice, the extension of credit in banking, and the hiring practices of corporations. This posits the requirement of model fairness, which holds that automated decisions should be equitable with respect to protected features (e.g., gender, race, or age) that are often under-represented in the data. We postulate that this problem of under-representation has a corollary to the problem of imbalanced data learning. This class imbalance is often reflected in both classes and protected features. For example, one class (those receiving credit) may be over-represented with respect to another class (those not receiving credit) and a particular group (females) may be under-represented with respect to another group (males). A key element in achieving algorithmic fairness with respect to protected groups is the simultaneous reduction of class and protected group imbalance in the underlying training data, which facilitates increases in both model accuracy and fairness. We discuss the importance of bridging imbalanced learning and group fairness by showing how key concepts in these fields overlap and complement each other; and propose a novel oversampling algorithm, Fair Oversampling, that addresses both skewed class distributions and protected features. Our method: (i) can be used as an efficient pre-processing algorithm for standard ML algorithms to jointly address imbalance and group equity; and (ii) can be combined with fairness-aware learning algorithms to improve their robustness to varying levels of class imbalance. Additionally, we take a step toward bridging the gap between fairness and imbalanced learning with a new metric, Fair Utility, that combines balanced accuracy with fairness.

Recent legislation has led to interest in machine unlearning, i.e., removing specific training samples from a predictive model as if they never existed in the training dataset. Unlearning may also be required due to corrupted/adversarial data or simply a user's updated privacy requirement. For models which require no training (k-NN), simply deleting the closest original sample can be effective. But this idea is inapplicable to models which learn richer representations. Recent ideas leveraging optimization-based updates scale poorly with the model dimension d, due to inverting the Hessian of the loss function. We use a variant of a new conditional independence coefficient, L-CODEC, to identify a subset of the model parameters with the most semantic overlap on an individual sample level. Our approach completely avoids the need to invert a (possibly) huge matrix. By utilizing a Markov blanket selection, we premise that L-CODEC is also suitable for deep unlearning, as well as other applications in vision. Compared to alternatives, L-CODEC makes approximate unlearning possible in settings that would otherwise be infeasible, including vision models used for face recognition, person re-identification and NLP models that may require unlearning samples identified for exclusion. Code can be found at https://github.com/vsingh-group/LCODEC-deep-unlearning/

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has enabled large-scale AI applications to land in the market and practice. However, while AI technology has brought many conveniences to people in the productization process, it has also exposed many security issues. Especially, attacks against online learning vulnerabilities of chatbots occur frequently. Therefore, this paper proposes a semantics censorship chatbot system based on reinforcement learning, which is mainly composed of two parts: the Offensive semantics censorship model and the semantics purification model. Offensive semantics review can combine the context of user input sentences to detect the rapid evolution of Offensive semantics and respond to Offensive semantics responses. The semantics purification model For the case of chatting robot models, it has been contaminated by large numbers of offensive semantics, by strengthening the offensive reply learned by the learning algorithm, rather than rolling back to the early versions. In addition, by integrating a once-through learning approach, the speed of semantics purification is accelerated while reducing the impact on the quality of replies. The experimental results show that our proposed approach reduces the probability of the chat model generating offensive replies and that the integration of the few-shot learning algorithm improves the training speed rapidly while effectively slowing down the decline in BLEU values.

Analyzing the planet at scale with satellite imagery and machine learning is a dream that has been constantly hindered by the cost of difficult-to-access highly-representative high-resolution imagery. To remediate this, we introduce here the WorldStrat dataset. The largest and most varied such publicly available dataset, at Airbus SPOT 6/7 satellites' high resolution of up to 1.5 m/pixel, empowered by European Space Agency's Phi-Lab as part of the ESA-funded QueryPlanet project, we curate nearly 10,000 sqkm of unique locations to ensure stratified representation of all types of land-use across the world: from agriculture to ice caps, from forests to multiple urbanization densities. We also enrich those with locations typically under-represented in ML datasets: sites of humanitarian interest, illegal mining sites, and settlements of persons at risk. We temporally-match each high-resolution image with multiple low-resolution images from the freely accessible lower-resolution Sentinel-2 satellites at 10 m/pixel. We accompany this dataset with an open-source Python package to: rebuild or extend the WorldStrat dataset, train and infer baseline algorithms, and learn with abundant tutorials, all compatible with the popular EO-learn toolbox. We hereby hope to foster broad-spectrum applications of ML to satellite imagery, and possibly develop from free public low-resolution Sentinel2 imagery the same power of analysis allowed by costly private high-resolution imagery. We illustrate this specific point by training and releasing several highly compute-efficient baselines on the task of Multi-Frame Super-Resolution. High-resolution Airbus imagery is CC BY-NC, while the labels and Sentinel2 imagery are CC BY, and the source code and pre-trained models under BSD. The dataset is available at https://zenodo.org/record/6810792 and the software package at https://github.com/worldstrat/worldstrat .

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was a big first step toward giving consumers control of their data. As powerful as this privacy initiative is, a new personal data challenge has emerged. Now, privacy concerns are focused on what companies are doing with data once they have it. This is due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) as neural networks accelerate the exploitation of personal data and raise new questions about the need for further regulation and safeguarding of privacy rights. Core to the concern about data privacy are the algorithms used to develop AI models.

Opinion If the soap opera of Microsoft's relationship with open source had a theme tune, it'd be "The Long and Winding Goad". To a company whose entire existence depended on market control, open source's radical freedoms were an existential, cancerous threat. In return, open source was only too happy to play the upstart punk movement to Microsoft's bloated prog rock. In the end, both sides accepted the inevitable. Redmond wasn't going to control the cloud and mobile the way it controlled business IT, and the cloud and mobile loved open source. Interoperability was more profitable than insults.

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As more enterprises automate away the tedium faced by in-house departments, a question looms: why haven't in-house legal departments caught up? Internal legal processes for drafting, analyzing, and managing simple legal documents are still manual and tedious. What is stopping legal departments from automating away the pain? As it turns out, a major barrier for adoption lies in the most common means of automation itself: Machine learning. Contract Lifecycle Management (CLM) software streamlines and automates several stages of the contract lifecycle - from the initial drafting stages all the way up to negotiation, signature, and the final expiration of a contract.