Conventionally, federated learning aims to optimize a single objective, typically the utility. However, for a federated learning system to be trustworthy, it needs to simultaneously satisfy multiple/many objectives, such as maximizing model performance, minimizing privacy leakage and training cost, and being robust to malicious attacks. Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) aiming to optimize multiple conflicting objectives at the same time is quite suitable for solving the optimization problem of Trustworthy Federated Learning (TFL). In this paper, we unify MOO and TFL by formulating the problem of constrained multi-objective federated learning (CMOFL). Under this formulation, existing MOO algorithms can be adapted to TFL straightforwardly. Different from existing CMOFL works focusing on utility, efficiency, fairness, and robustness, we consider optimizing privacy leakage along with utility loss and training cost, the three primary objectives of a TFL system. We develop two improved CMOFL algorithms based on NSGA-II and PSL, respectively, for effectively and efficiently finding Pareto optimal solutions, and we provide theoretical analysis on their convergence. We design specific measurements of privacy leakage, utility loss, and training cost for three privacy protection mechanisms: Randomization, BatchCrypt (An efficient version of homomorphic encryption), and Sparsification. Empirical experiments conducted under each of the three protection mechanisms demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.

In both countries, cocoa is the primary perennial crop, providing income to almost two million farmers. Yet precise maps of cocoa planted area are missing, hindering accurate quantification of expansion in protected areas, production and yields, and limiting information available for improved sustainability governance. Here, we combine cocoa plantation data with publicly available satellite imagery in a deep learning framework and create high-resolution maps of cocoa plantations for both countries, validated in situ. Our results suggest that cocoa cultivation is an underlying driver of over 37 % and 13 % of forest loss in protected areas in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, respectively, and that official reports substantially underestimate the planted area, up to 40 % in Ghana. These maps serve as a crucial building block to advance understanding of conservation and economic development in cocoa producing regions.

Recommender systems can strongly influence which information we see online, e.g., on social media, and thus impact our beliefs, decisions, and actions. At the same time, these systems can create substantial business value for different stakeholders. Given the growing potential impact of such AI-based systems on individuals, organizations, and society, questions of fairness have gained increased attention in recent years. However, research on fairness in recommender systems is still a developing area. In this survey, we first review the fundamental concepts and notions of fairness that were put forward in the area in the recent past. Afterward, through a review of more than 160 scholarly publications, we present an overview of how research in this field is currently operationalized, e.g., in terms of general research methodology, fairness measures, and algorithmic approaches. Overall, our analysis of recent works points to certain research gaps. In particular, we find that in many research works in computer science, very abstract problem operationalizations are prevalent and questions of the underlying normative claims and what represents a fair recommendation in the context of a given application are often not discussed in depth. These observations call for more interdisciplinary research to address fairness in recommendation in a more comprehensive and impactful manner.

Social media platforms are currently the main channel for political messaging, allowing politicians to target specific demographics and adapt based on their reactions. However, making this communication transparent is challenging, as the messaging is tightly coupled with its intended audience and often echoed by multiple stakeholders interested in advancing specific policies. Our goal in this paper is to take a first step towards understanding these highly decentralized settings. We propose a weakly supervised approach to identify the stance and issue of political ads on Facebook and analyze how political campaigns use some kind of demographic targeting by location, gender, or age. Furthermore, we analyze the temporal dynamics of the political ads on election polls.

Fox News Flash top headlines are here. Check out what's clicking on Foxnews.com. Raleigh County records that date back to the founding of the county in 1850 are being newly preserved by county officials. Deputy Circuit Clerk Vickie Suttle said the "preservation of history" started about five years ago when former Raleigh County Circuit Clerk Paul Flanagan purchased a large document scanner that she affectionately calls "The Beast," because of its size. The machine resembles a large desk and has a conveyor-like belt at one end that feeds documents through a scanner.

More than a decade ago, when Shahzad Younas started a website specifically for Muslims to meet and marry, he thought his problems would be the typical kind – attracting users, expanding the business, earning a profit. Instead, his biggest hurdle has been figuring out how to fend off a competitor that is suing him in multiple countries on multiple fronts with the aim, he said, of "stifling competition". Younas, 38, a British investment banker turned entrepreneur, has been butting heads since 2016 with the online dating giant Match Group, which owns Match.com, At issue are elements of his website's branding – elements that Match has argued create confusion between its platforms and Younas's. The latest blow came in late April when Younas lost a trademark appeal in the United Kingdom.

Fox News correspondent Matt Finn has the latest on the impact of AI technology that some say could outpace humans on'Special Report.' Law enforcement's use of artifical intelligence-driven facial recognition puts everyone into what one expert called a "perpetual police line-up," and studies show it's more likely the finger will be pointed at the wrong person if they're Black or Asian. "Whenever they have a photo of a suspect, they will compare it to your face," said Matthew Guariglia, from the nonprofit digital rights group Electronic Frontier Foundation, told the BBC. The technology's use in police investigations boomed in recent years, particularly after the Jan. 6 Capitol riot. Twenty out of 42 federal agencies that were surveyed by the Government Accountability Office in 2021 reported they use facial recognition in criminal investigations.

Dan Nechita has spent the past year shuttling back and forth between Brussels and Strasbourg. As the head of cabinet (essentially chief of staff) for one of the two rapporteurs leading negotiations over the EU's proposed new AI law, he's helped hammer out compromises between those who want the technology to be tightly regulated and those who believe innovation needs more space to evolve. The discussions have, Nechita says, been "long and tedious." First there were debates about how to define AI--what it was that Europe was even regulating. "That was a very, very, very long discussion," Nechita says.

Relation extraction (RE) is the core NLP task of inferring semantic relationships between entities from text. Standard supervised RE techniques entail training modules to tag tokens comprising entity spans and then predict the relationship between them. Recent work has instead treated the problem as a \emph{sequence-to-sequence} task, linearizing relations between entities as target strings to be generated conditioned on the input. Here we push the limits of this approach, using larger language models (GPT-3 and Flan-T5 large) than considered in prior work and evaluating their performance on standard RE tasks under varying levels of supervision. We address issues inherent to evaluating generative approaches to RE by doing human evaluations, in lieu of relying on exact matching. Under this refined evaluation, we find that: (1) Few-shot prompting with GPT-3 achieves near SOTA performance, i.e., roughly equivalent to existing fully supervised models; (2) Flan-T5 is not as capable in the few-shot setting, but supervising and fine-tuning it with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) style explanations (generated via GPT-3) yields SOTA results. We release this model as a new baseline for RE tasks.

The design made it possible to make powerful language models like term "Generative AI" is used to describe a subset of AI models OpenAI's GPT series, which included GPT-2 and GPT-3, that can generate new information by discovering relevant which were the versions that came before ChatGPT [6]. The trends and patterns in already collected information. These GPT-3.5 architecture is the basis for ChatGPT; it is an models may produce work in a wide range of media, from improved version of OpenAI's GPT-3 model. Even though written to visual to audio [2]. To analyse, comprehend, and GPT-3.5 has fewer variables, nevertheless produces excellent produce material that accurately imitates human-generated results in many areas of NLP, such as language understanding, outcomes, Generative AI models depend on deep learning text generation, and machine translation [6]. ChatGPT was approaches and neural networks. OpenAI's ChatGPT is one trained on a massive body of text data and fine-tuned on the such AI model that has quickly become a popular and versatile goal of creating conversational replies, allowing it to create resource for a number of different industries. Its humanoid text responses to user inquiries that are strangely similar to those of generation is made possible by its foundation in the Generative a person.