In this piece, we reflect on AIES 2025, and outline the conversations and presentations from a discussion session on LLMs in the context of clinical usage and human rights. This is a crosspost from the latest issue of AI Matters, published by the ACM SIAGI. This year's conference on artificial intelligence, ethics and society (AIES) took place in the north of Madrid within the 180m-high tower block that forms the vertical campus of IE University. The event kicked off with a welcome from the chairs and organising committee members, with this opening session also featuring the conference best paper awards. Topics covered during the three-day event included mitigating bias, integrating AI into the workplace, evaluating LLMs in clinical settings, power dynamics in AI ecosystems, and dataset creation.

'This is an apartheid regime' A mural of Barcelona player Lamine Yamal was painted on war-damaged buildings in Gaza after the teenager waved a Palestinian flag during the club's LaLiga title parade. The gesture sparked widespread reactions, including criticism from Israeli officials. Trump, Xi speak ahead of talks to make relations'better than ever'

Xi greets Trump with ominous warning about risk of war between US and China: 'Beware the Thucydides Trap' How Kylie Kelce REALLY feels about Taylor Swift after her foul-mouthed wedding rant: Insiders reveal stark'differences' between the sisters-in-law... and truth about'feud' What REALLY goes on in some Equinox steam rooms: Gym insiders reveal eye-popping indecency... secret towel signals used by experimental married men... and clubs with most'aggressive' locker rooms Trump's hidden five-tap code in handshake with Xi... and the tell-tale'bullfrog smile' that betrayed the president Inside Eric Swalwell's marriage implosion: Disgraced Democrat nowhere in sight at family home as his furious wife appears without her ring and delivers ultimate insult Home Depot and Lowe's use sneaky cameras in theft crackdown - but honest customers are the real victims Buster Murdaugh's explosive reaction as his father's murder conviction is overturned: Insiders reveal all about his secret new life... and jailhouse calls with Alex Inside Carrie Underwood's'grounded' and'traditional' home life on her 400-acre Tennessee farm Grotesque new Michael Jackson allegations raise questions about his accusers so taboo they're almost impossible to ask... but we must: MAUREEN CALLAHAN Kylie Jenner and Timothee Chalamet's mortifying relationship secrets exposed: Her'jealousy'... his pleas for'space'... and why he's now finally'on board' with a proposal Beautiful young mom appeared to have it all. Now her two toddlers are dead after falling into a pool while on COCAINE... and her own parents allegedly made very troubling comments about her Walmart axes 1,000 workers as white-collar jobs bloodbath reaches America's biggest private employer Grief author Kouri Richins gives 40-minute rant about love and calls husband's poisoning murder a'tragedy' as she learns fate in Moscow Mule slaying... and sends deranged message to her sons This miracle drug rapidly reversed my balding. It wrecked my sex life... but a microdosing hack gave me my libido and my hair back You've heard of Wife Swap...but what about elephant swap? A jumbo operation has seen a huge male elephant in Kent swapped with two cheeky youngsters in Bristol to balance out the herds. Shaka, the dominant bull at Noah's Ark Zoo Farm in Bristol, has now joined the herd at Howletts Wild Animal Park in Kent.

Trump's hidden five-tap code in handshake with Xi... and the tell-tale'bullfrog smile' that betrayed the president How Kylie Kelce REALLY feels about Taylor Swift after her foul-mouthed wedding rant: Insiders reveal stark'differences' between the sisters-in-law... and truth about'feud' What REALLY goes on in some Equinox steam rooms: Gym insiders reveal eye-popping indecency... secret towel signals used by experimental married men... and clubs with most'aggressive' locker rooms Xi greets Trump with ominous warning about risk of war between US and China: 'Beware the Thucydides Trap' Inside Eric Swalwell's marriage implosion: Disgraced Democrat nowhere in sight at family home as his furious wife appears without her ring and delivers ultimate insult Home Depot and Lowe's use sneaky cameras in theft crackdown - but honest customers are the real victims Buster Murdaugh's explosive reaction as his father's murder conviction is overturned: Insiders reveal all about his secret new life... and jailhouse calls with Alex Inside Carrie Underwood's'grounded' and'traditional' home life on her 400-acre Tennessee farm Grotesque new Michael Jackson allegations raise questions about his accusers so taboo they're almost impossible to ask... but we must: MAUREEN CALLAHAN Kylie Jenner and Timothee Chalamet's mortifying relationship secrets exposed: Her'jealousy'... his pleas for'space'... and why he's now finally'on board' with a proposal Beautiful young mom appeared to have it all. Now her two toddlers are dead after falling into a pool while on COCAINE... and her own parents allegedly made very troubling comments about her Walmart axes 1,000 workers as white-collar jobs bloodbath reaches America's biggest private employer Grief author Kouri Richins gives 40-minute rant about love and calls husband's poisoning murder a'tragedy' as she learns fate in Moscow Mule slaying... and sends deranged message to her sons This miracle drug rapidly reversed my balding. It wrecked my sex life... but a microdosing hack gave me my libido and my hair back Whether it's a rogue chicken breast or the last of a lasagna, many of us regularly pop our leftovers in the freezer. But it turns out you've probably been doing it wrong this entire time. While plastic containers are the go-to for many Brits, experts now say that these should be avoided.

'If OpenAI lost its footing as the AI industry frontrunner, another barely distinguishable competitor - Musk's xAI or other - would simply replace it.' 'If OpenAI lost its footing as the AI industry frontrunner, another barely distinguishable competitor - Musk's xAI or other - would simply replace it.' If it wasn't already clear, Elon Musk and Sam Altman hate each other. While the two men were once cofounders of OpenAI, they're now locked in a vicious feud, playing out in all its theatrics in front of a judge and jury in a California courtroom. Musk is suing, alleging that Altman and OpenAI president Greg Brockman tricked him into forming and funding the organization as a non-profit before they subsequently restructured it to have a for-profit entity.

Trump's hidden five-tap code in handshake with Xi... and the tell-tale'bullfrog smile' that betrayed the president How Kylie Kelce REALLY feels about Taylor Swift after her foul-mouthed wedding rant: Insiders reveal stark'differences' between the sisters-in-law... and truth about'feud' What REALLY goes on in some Equinox steam rooms: Gym insiders reveal eye-popping indecency... secret towel signals used by experimental married men... and clubs with most'aggressive' locker rooms Xi greets Trump with ominous warning about risk of war between US and China: 'Beware the Thucydides Trap' Inside Eric Swalwell's marriage implosion: Disgraced Democrat nowhere in sight at family home as his furious wife appears without her ring and delivers ultimate insult Home Depot and Lowe's use sneaky cameras in theft crackdown - but honest customers are the real victims Buster Murdaugh's explosive reaction as his father's murder conviction is overturned: Insiders reveal all about his secret new life... and jailhouse calls with Alex Inside Carrie Underwood's'grounded' and'traditional' home life on her 400-acre Tennessee farm Grotesque new Michael Jackson allegations raise questions about his accusers so taboo they're almost impossible to ask... but we must: MAUREEN CALLAHAN Kylie Jenner and Timothee Chalamet's mortifying relationship secrets exposed: Her'jealousy'... his pleas for'space'... and why he's now finally'on board' with a proposal Beautiful young mom appeared to have it all. Now her two toddlers are dead after falling into a pool while on COCAINE... and her own parents allegedly made very troubling comments about her Walmart axes 1,000 workers as white-collar jobs bloodbath reaches America's biggest private employer Grief author Kouri Richins gives 40-minute rant about love and calls husband's poisoning murder a'tragedy' as she learns fate in Moscow Mule slaying... and sends deranged message to her sons This miracle drug rapidly reversed my balding. It wrecked my sex life... but a microdosing hack gave me my libido and my hair back Huge asteroid with the potential to obliterate an entire CITY will narrowly miss Earth - as scientists warn'it's as close as you can get without hitting' An asteroid with the potential to obliterate a city will narrowly miss Earth next week, scientists have revealed. Astronomers say the space rock, called 2026 JH2, is up to four times the size of a London bus and will get'as close as you can without hitting'. It is expected to zoom by our planet at an estimated distance of around 56,000 miles (90,000km) late on Monday night.

Next week, Meta is cutting about 10 percent of its staff. WIRED spoke with more than a dozen current and former employees about what it's like inside a company where everyone is unhappy. As Meta employees brace for layoffs next Wednesday, May 20, many say the vibes are horrifically, historically low. "Everyone is unhappy; the only people who are not unhappy are, literally, executives," says an employee who works on Instagram. The social media giant plans to cut about 10 percent of its workforce, or nearly 8,000 people, "to run the company more efficiently" and "offset the other investments" it's making, according to a human resources leader .

Adult content creators are having their performances used without consent. This is just one way that AI now threatens their rights and livelihoods. When Jennifer got a job doing research for a nonprofit in 2023, she ran her new professional headshot through a facial recognition program. She wanted to see if the tech would pull up the porn videos she'd made more than 10 years before, when she was in her early 20s. It did in fact return some of that content, and also something alarming that she'd never seen before: one of her old videos, but with someone else's face on her body. "At first, I thought it was just a different person," says Jennifer, who is being identified by a pseudonym to protect her privacy. But then she recognized a distinctly garish background from a video she'd shot around 2013, and she realized: "Somebody used me in a deepfake."

Trump's hidden five-tap code in handshake with Xi... and the tell-tale'bullfrog smile' that betrayed the president How Kylie Kelce REALLY feels about Taylor Swift after her foul-mouthed wedding rant: Insiders reveal stark'differences' between the sisters-in-law... and truth about'feud' What REALLY goes on in some Equinox steam rooms: Gym insiders reveal eye-popping indecency... secret towel signals used by experimental married men... and clubs with most'aggressive' locker rooms Xi greets Trump with ominous warning about risk of war between US and China: 'Beware the Thucydides Trap' Inside Eric Swalwell's marriage implosion: Disgraced Democrat nowhere in sight at family home as his furious wife appears without her ring and delivers ultimate insult Home Depot and Lowe's use sneaky cameras in theft crackdown - but honest customers are the real victims Buster Murdaugh's explosive reaction as his father's murder conviction is overturned: Insiders reveal all about his secret new life... and jailhouse calls with Alex Inside Carrie Underwood's'grounded' and'traditional' home life on her 400-acre Tennessee farm Grotesque new Michael Jackson allegations raise questions about his accusers so taboo they're almost impossible to ask... but we must: MAUREEN CALLAHAN Kylie Jenner and Timothee Chalamet's mortifying relationship secrets exposed: Her'jealousy'... his pleas for'space'... and why he's now finally'on board' with a proposal Beautiful young mom appeared to have it all. Now her two toddlers are dead after falling into a pool while on COCAINE... and her own parents allegedly made very troubling comments about her Walmart axes 1,000 workers as white-collar jobs bloodbath reaches America's biggest private employer Grief author Kouri Richins gives 40-minute rant about love and calls husband's poisoning murder a'tragedy' as she learns fate in Moscow Mule slaying... and sends deranged message to her sons This miracle drug rapidly reversed my balding. It wrecked my sex life... but a microdosing hack gave me my libido and my hair back MORE: FBI files reveal reports of'four-foot tall' beings emerging from UFOs Scientists have announced a groundbreaking discovery lurking beyond our solar system that rewrites humanity's understanding of the cosmos. A new study led by Princeton University in New Jersey identified more than 10,000 new possible planets trillions of miles from Earth. That included at least 11 worlds described by scientists as'super-Earths.'

Valiant's 1984 paper is widely credited with introducing the PAC learning model, but it, in fact, introduced a different model: unlike PAC learning, the learner receives only positives, may issue membership queries, and must output a hypothesis with no false positives. Prior work characterized variants, including the case without queries. We revisit Valiant's original model and ask: *Which classes are learnable in it?* For every finite domain, including Valiant's Boolean-hypercube setting, we show that a class is learnable if and only if every realizable positive sample can be certified by a poly-size adaptive query-compression scheme. This is a new variant of sample compression where the learner certifies samples via a short interaction with the membership oracle. Our characterization shows that learnability in Valiant's model is strictly sandwiched between learnability in the PAC model and the variant of Valiant's model without membership queries. This is one of the rare cases where introducing membership queries changes the set of learnable classes, and not just the sample or computational complexity. Next, we study the natural extension of the model to arbitrary domains. While we do not obtain an exact characterization, our techniques readily generalize and show that the same strict sandwiching persists. Finally, we show that $d$-dimensional halfspaces, which are not learnable without queries, are learnable with queries: we give a $\mathrm{poly}(d) \tilde{O}(1/ε)$ sample and $\mathrm{poly}(d) \mathrm{polylog}(1/ε)$ query algorithm, and prove that at least $Ω(d)$ samples or queries are necessary. To our knowledge, this is the first algorithm for halfspaces in Valiant's model. Together, these results uncover a surprisingly rich theory behind Valiant's original notion of learnability and introduce ideas that may be of independent interest in learning theory.