In this paper, we analyze efficacy of the fast gradient sign method (FGSM) and the Carlini-Wagner's L2 (CW-L2) attack. We prove that, within a certain regime, the untargeted FGSM can fool any convolutional neural nets (CNNs) with ReLU activation; the targeted FGSM can mislead any CNNs with ReLU activation to classify any given image into any prescribed class. For a special two-layer neural network: a linear layer followed by the softmax output activation, we show that the CW-L2 attack increases the ratio of the classification probability between the target and ground truth classes. Moreover, we provide numerical results to verify all our theoretical results.

Matter evolved under influence of gravity from minuscule density fluctuations. Non-perturbative structure formed hierarchically over all scales, and developed non-Gaussian features in the Universe, known as the Cosmic Web. To fully understand the structure formation of the Universe is one of the holy grails of modern astrophysics. Astrophysicists survey large volumes of the Universe and employ a large ensemble of computer simulations to compare with the observed data in order to extract the full information of our own Universe. However, to evolve trillions of galaxies over billions of years even with the simplest physics is a daunting task. We build a deep neural network, the Deep Density Displacement Model (hereafter D$^3$M), to predict the non-linear structure formation of the Universe from simple linear perturbation theory. Our extensive analysis, demonstrates that D$^3$M outperforms the second order perturbation theory (hereafter 2LPT), the commonly used fast approximate simulation method, in point-wise comparison, 2-point correlation, and 3-point correlation. We also show that D$^3$M is able to accurately extrapolate far beyond its training data, and predict structure formation for significantly different cosmological parameters. Our study proves, for the first time, that deep learning is a practical and accurate alternative to approximate simulations of the gravitational structure formation of the Universe.

Privacy campaigners have raised fears for patient data following Google's takeover of an artificial intelligence health app used in NHS hospitals. London-based AI firm DeepMind said its Streams app will be subsumed by the technology giant in a move that one expert described as "totally unacceptable" and a betrayal to patient's privacy. DeepMind, which is owned by Google but has operated the app independently until now, justified the decision in a blog post that explained how Google would allow the app to scale in a way that would not be possible by itself. The app uses AI to provide doctors and nurses with an easy-access dashboard of patients' medical records. "Our vision is for Streams to now become an AI-powered assistant for nurses and doctors everywhere – combining the best algorithms with intuitive design, all backed up by rigorous evidence," the post stated.

An Amazon Echo smart speaker could provide crucial evidence in a double murder case in the US after a judge in New Hampshire ordered the tech giant to provide investigators with recordings from the device. The speaker, which features the artificial intelligence voice assistant Alexa, was seized from a home in Farmington where two women were killed in January 2017. Timothy Verrill, 36, is charged with killing Christine Sullivan and Jenna Pellegrini by stabbing each woman multiple times. Judge Steven M Houran wrote in the court order that an Echo device present in the home may have captured audio that could provide key evidence in the case. How Alexa recorded a family's conversation then sent it to someone How Alexa recorded a family's conversation then sent it to someone "The court finds there is probable cause to believe the server[s] and/or records maintained for or by Amazon.com

Google looks to be getting a firmer hold on NHS patient data by absorbing its DeepMind Health AI lab - a leading UK health technology developer. The news has raised concerns about the privacy of NHS patient's data which is used by DeepMind and could now be commercialised by Google. DeepMind was bought by Google's parent company Alphabet for £400 million ($520m) in 2014 and up until now has maintained independence. Now the London-based lab will be sharing operations with the US-based Google Health unit. It was created after Google bought University College London spinout, DeepMind, for £400 million in 2014.

In a nondescript office tower a mile from the Las Vegas Strip, two women toil in a windowless room crammed with bikinis in every size, style, and hue. Down the hall, colleagues are working to break into China's red-hot market for surveillance software powered by artificial intelligence. Bikini.com is owned by Remark Holdings, a small public company with Hollywood producer Brett Ratner on its board and financial ties to TV's Dr. Mehmet Oz. Remark's leaders are trying to transform the unprofitable, debt-loaded website operator into a provider of corporate AI technology in Asia, particularly China. Remark's business and share price are struggling, but its peculiar AI project has made some progress.

This 2018 handout image provided by the Ali family, shows a photo of Ammer Ali, in Yemen. A drone struck a car carrying Ali who was returning to Marib with a relative after dropping his family at a house of relatives. Nearly 70 kilometers from Marib, at 3:00 p.m. the drone struck the car and killed the Ali the other driver survived. This 2018 handout image provided by the Sarima family, shows a photo of Mohammed Abu Sarima, who was killed in a drone strike, in Yemen. The Pentagon confirmed a drone strike on the same day in the province of Bayda, saying they were targeting al-Qaida.

This July 11, 2018, photo, shows a fragment of a US-made missile fired from a drone that struck a vehicle, killing all seven men inside on Jan. 26, 2018, instantly ending their lives, shredding their bodies into pieces, in Shabwa, Yemen. ATAQ, Yemen – Al-Qaida was giving away motorcycles up in the mountains -- that's what the kids in town were saying the day Abdullah disappeared. Early that morning, Mohsanaa Salem woke her 14-year-old son to go buy vegetables. The sun had just risen above the mountain ridge, and winter light filled the ravine where their mud brick house sat at the foot of a slope. "Let me sleep," Abdullah groaned from a mattress on the floor, surrounded by his brothers and sisters. One word from his father, though, and the boy was up and dressed, trudging out of the house to the market in a neighboring village. Three hours later, when he still hadn't returned, Mohsanaa and her husband began to worry.

New Zealand, 26 October 2018 – Yesterday at Microsoft's inaugural AI event, Future Now, real-life applications of how AI will help shape New Zealand were brought to life demonstrating that AI is an important driver of new solutions to address some of our biggest societal challenges. Damon Kelly, Enlighten Designs CEO and Microsoft Partner showcased an exciting new initiative with Sustainable Coastlines aiming to make citizen scientists of us all by arming us with right data and insights to help keep our country clean, green and beautiful. Kelly said, "We have partnered with Sustainable Coastlines and Microsoft's Azure platform to develop an AI-powered tool that empowers Kiwis in cleaning up New Zealand's beaches. The tool is the first of its kind in New Zealand and uses Microsoft's Cognitive Services, alongside a United Nations Environment Programme methodology, to help communities around the country capture and categorise what litter is on our beaches." Working alongside the Ministry for the Environment, Department of Conservation and Statistics New Zealand, data collected from Sustainable Coastlines' new tool will be used to help establish a New Zealand-first national litter database.

It is a known fact that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has opened diverse opportunities in the world of technology, but it is no secret that the economic impact of AI has also been momentous for its adopters. Come 2030, AI based initiatives will pump 12.8 trillion Euros into the global economy!* Caught up in the global frenzy to prove dominance in the realm of AI, the European Union which was till very recently nascent in its AI advancements, has now set up extensive AI strategies to further boost its economy. With a united stance, the European Union took the big leap in the direction of AI when in 2014 they announced the launch of Horizon 2020. The biggest EU Research and Innovation program till date, Horizon 2020 was initiated in order to develop a conducive environment for producing world-class innovations within the continent.