Reliable and frequent population estimation is key for making policies around vaccination and planning infrastructure delivery. Since censuses lack the spatio-temporal resolution required for these tasks, census-independent approaches, using remote sensing and microcensus data, have become popular. We estimate intercensal population count in two pilot districts in Mozambique. To encourage sustainability, we assess the feasibility of using publicly available datasets to estimate population. We also explore transfer learning with existing annotated datasets for predicting building footprints, and training with additional `dot' annotations from regions of interest to enhance these estimations. We observe that population predictions improve when using footprint area estimated with this approach versus only publicly available features.

INTRODUCTION With increasing awareness of the societal risks of algorithmic bias and encroaching automation, issues of fairness, accountability, and transparency in data-driven AI systems have received growing academic attention in multiple high-stakes contexts, including healthcare, loan-granting, and hiring (e.g., Barocas & Selbst, 2016; Holstein, Wortman Vaughan, Daumé III, Dudik, & Wallach, 2019; Veale, Van Kleek, & Binns, 2018). Given these noble intentions, why might AIEd systems have inequitable impacts? In this chapter, we ask whether AIEd systems will ultimately serve to A mplify I nequities in Ed ucation, or alternatively, whether they will help to A lleviate existing inequities. We discuss four lenses that can be used to examine how and why AIEd systems risk amplifying existing inequities: (1) factors inherent to the overall socio-technical system design; (2) the use of datasets that reflect historical inequities; (3) factors inherent to the underlying algorithms used to drive machine learning and automated decision-making, and (4) factors that emerge through a complex interplay between automated and human decision-making. Building from these lenses, we then outline possible paths towards more equitable futures for AIEd, while highlighting debates surrounding each proposal. In doing so, we hope to provoke new conversations around the design of equitable AIEd, and to push ongoing conversations in the field forward. PATHWAYS TOWARD INEQUITY IN AIED We begin by presenting four lenses to understand how AIEd systems might amplify existing inequities or even create new ones (cf. While each lens provides a different way of examining pathways towards inequity in AIEd, all are pointed at the same underlying socio-technical system. Figure 1 provides a coarse-grained overview of the broader social-technical systems in which AIEd systems are embedded, and some of the components we will refer to in the four lenses. The accumulated, collective decisions of designers, researchers, policy-makers, and other stakeholders shape these systems' designs. In addition to using or being affected by AIEd systems, on-the-ground stakeholders such as students, teachers, or school administrators may also play a role in shaping their designs; whether directly, through participatory design processes, or indirectly through the passive generation of training data while interacting with an AIEd interface. In turn, decisions regarding what data is used to shape an AIEd system's design (e.g., when used as training data for use with machine learning methods) can shape an AIEd system's algorithmic behavior (e.g., instructional policies learned from data).

Sonoma County will bolster its nascent network of fire-lookout cameras with artificial intelligence that aims to automatically identify potential wildfire starts and provide alerts even when no one is watching. County officials announced the program Wednesday after awarding a $300,000 contract to Alchera, Inc., a South Korea-based company that develops algorithms for visual artificial intelligence systems. The technology, which is promising but still in development, is meant to automate Sonoma County's alert-and-warning efforts to provide more of a heads-up in case a wildfire starts, said Chris Godley, the county's emergency management director. "This is really designed to help us catch those extremely early starts, so it gives us that much more time to investigate and, if need be, respond," Godley said. Most of the funding for the new technology comes from a $2.7 million grant the county received from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, with the county chipping in about $75,000.

John Buyers, partner and head of Artificial Intelligence at Osborne Clarke shared his views with Business Leader regarding the future of AI in the UK. The EU Commission is proposing a whole new regulatory framework and infrastructure for developers and providers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. This includes conformity assessments, labelling obligations, a new EU-level body, new national enforcement roles and another batch of extremely heavy penalties for non-compliance, potentially even higher than GDPR fines in some areas. This legislation will have a global impact on the AI sector since it will create new regulatory barriers for supplying or developing AI systems for EU customers. This new proposal follows the Data Governance Act published at the end of 2020 which similarly envisages a new regulatory framework for the EU data ecosystem.

Machine learning is a key aspect of Artificial Intelligence. However, one area that has always been an issue to worry about is adversarial attacks. It is because of this that the models trained to work in a particular way fail to do so and act in undesired ways. Computer vision is one of those areas that has grabbed eyeballs from everywhere around. This is the area where the AI systems deployed aid in processing the visual data.

How to Unplug from the World-Gobbling Machine One year ago, on March 19, 2020, I took a walk in my neighborhood park, seeking to clear my mind. The governor had declared a state of emergency 11 days ago in response to the WHO's pronouncement of a global coronavirus pandemic. In the week that followed, I voluntarily transferred my counseling practice to video-only sessions, doing my part to participate in the "two weeks to flatten the curve" campaign that had spread virally via social media and other means of internet delivery. After all, "We're all in this together," I thought. But during my first week of teletherapy sessions, a new, involuntary form of curve-flattening had begun to sweep the country, starting in the California Bay Area, in imitation of the Chinese and Italian lockdowns. Earlier that day the California Governor had extended this lockdown to cover the entire state by executive decree. It seemed only a matter of time before the Oregon Governor would follow suit (she did ...

A series of senior European MPs have been approached in recent days by individuals who appear to be using deepfake filters to imitate Russian opposition figures during video calls. Those tricked include Rihards Kols, who chairs the foreign affairs committee of Latvia's parliament, as well as MPs from Estonia and Lithuania. Tom Tugendhat, the chair of the UK foreign affairs select committee, has also said he was targeted. "Putin's Kremlin is so weak and frightened of the strength of @navalny they're conducting fake meetings to discredit the Navalny team," Tugendhat posted in a tweet, referring to the Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny. "They got through to me today. They won't broadcast the bits where I call Putin a murderer and thief, so I'll put it here."

To understand these manipulations of the quantum world, we need to understand the... Harvey pulled Einstein's brain out of the skull. Then put it in a formalin jar.... To understand these manipulations of the quantum world, we need to understand the... What is the most coveted and prestigious award in the world? Scientists recently developed this new process in the lab. Let's take a look at what Bill Gates was saying about the epidemic that we have... The whole world is now pointing to the Chinese wildlife market as a possible source... Today we are going to discuss Marie Tharp and Marie Tharp's historical map.

The European Commission has unveiled its new rulebook for artificial intelligence, a power play that seals the bloc's reputation as a global rulemaker for tech. Now comes the hard part -- convincing lawmakers, lobbyists and national politicians that its Artificial Intelligence Act is fit for purpose and won't hobble innovation or hurt fundamental rights. With much of the battle yet to come, POLITICO outlines key obstacles, controversial provisions and flashpoints that are likely to be the focus of major battles between policymakers, activists and industry reps in months ahead. The regulation outlines a list of banned artificial intelligence applications, but the devil is in the detail. How watertight such bans are will come down to the precise wording of the bill's articles -- such as a clause that bans practices which "manipulate persons through subliminal techniques beyond their consciousness," or another bans tech that "exploits vulnerabilities" of groups including children or people with disabilities are good examples.

Do millennials face economic uncertainty in the future? As employment increasing become more automated, McKinsey & Company (Global management consultants) predicts that, "60% of all work activities could be automated by 2055". As far back as the 16th century, mechanisation was introduced in the form of looms, that were used to weave the material used for stockings and rugs. However, Queen Elizabeth I, was very reluctant to encourage this industry as she felt that "stocking knitters" would become redundant in this field. By the 19th century, textile workers were facing life changing inventions, as the Industrial Revolution became the catalyst to transform economies based on steam-powered machines.