Longitudinal network, also known as temporal network or continuous-time dynamic network, consists of a sequence of temporal edges among multiple nodes, where the temporal edges may be observed between each node pair in real time (Holme and Saramäki, 2012). It provides a flexible framework for modeling dynamic interactions between multiple objects and how network structure evolves over time (Aggarwal and Subbian, 2014). For instances, in online social platform such as Facebook, users send likes to the posts of their friends recurrently at different time (Perry-Smith and Shalley, 2003; Snijders et al., 2010); in international politics, countries may have conflict with others at one time but become allies at others (Cranmer and Desmarais, 2011; Kinne, 2013). Similar longitudinal networks have also been frequently encountered in biological science (Voytek and Knight, 2015; Avena-Koenigsberger et al., 2018) and ecological science (Ulanowicz, 2004; De Ruiter et al., 2005). One of the key challenges in estimating longitudinal network resides in its scarce temporal edges, as the interactions between node pairs are instantaneous and come in a streaming fashion (Holme and Saramäki, 2012), and thus the observed network at each given time point can be extremely sparse. This makes longitudinal network substantially different from discrete-time dynamic network (Kim et al., 2018), where multiple snapshots of networks are collected each with much more observed edges.

A tech expert has warned that new advances in AI-powered technology will lead to an'explosion' in cybercrime in 2024. Shawn Henry, the chief security officer for CrowdStrike, recently shared how cybercriminals can use AI to sneak through individuals' cybersecurity defenses, spread misinformation, or infiltrate corporate networks. Cybercriminals can use AI to mislead people into believing false narratives during the election season and potentially giving up sensitive information, said the retired executive assistant director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The cybersecurity veteran's warning comes when AI has been given more jobs than ever, including in the US federal and state governments. Twenty-seven departments of the US federal government have deployed AI in some way, and many states have, too.

Fox News chief national security correspondent Jennifer Griffin reports on shipping conglomerates rerouting their ships to avoid the Red Sea and U.S. Navy helicopters sinking three Houthi vessels on'Special Report.' A U.S.-led coalition of 13 countries issued a warning to Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen on Wednesday, vowing consequences should the group continue attacks in the Red Sea. The U.S. was joined by the U.K., Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands and New Zealand in Wednesday's statement. The nations said that the destabilization of trade throughout the Red Sea is "unacceptable" and vowed consequences. "Ongoing Houthi attacks in the Red Sea are illegal, unacceptable, and profoundly destabilizing. There is no lawful justification for intentionally targeting civilian shipping and naval vessels. Attacks on vessels, including commercial vessels, using unmanned aerial vehicles, small boats, and missiles, including the first use of anti-ship ballistic missiles against such vessels, are a direct threat to the freedom of navigation that serves as the bedrock of global trade in one of the world's most critical waterways," the nations wrote.

Other significant Hamas officials died in Tuesday's drone strike that killed senior leader Saleh al-Arouri, harming the armed group's military capabilities in Lebanon during Israel's war on Gaza. According to Lebanese state media, the strike on a Hamas office in the Hezbollah stronghold of Dahiyeb, a southern suburb of Beirut, killed seven people. Hamas described the killing of al-Arouri on its official TV channel as "a "cowardly assassination" by Israel. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's adviser Mark Regev told the United States-based TV news channel MSNBC that Israel had not taken responsibility for the attack and added: "Whoever did it, it must be clear that this was not an attack on the Lebanese state." Al-Arouri, 57, was the deputy chief of the Hamas political bureau.

A general strike has been called across the cities of the occupied West Bank in protest against the assassination of seven members of Hamas, including the deputy head of its political bureau, Saleh al-Arouri. The strike was called by Palestinian armed groups that asked people to stay home on Wednesday and only leave to march in demonstrations against the drone attack on the outskirts of Beirut. The slain men are Saleh al-Arouri, who was also the commander of the Qassam Brigades in the occupied West Bank; Samir Fendi, who commanded the Qassam Brigades in Lebanon; Azzam al-Aqraa, who commanded the Qassam Brigades in southern Lebanon; and members Mahmoud Shaheen, Mohammed al-Rayes, Mohammed Bashasha and Ahmed Hamoud. All seven will be buried in Lebanon. Funerals will be held for Hamoud and Shaheen on Wednesday in the Burj al-Barajneh camp for Palestinian refugees and Taalbaya, respectively.

Writing in the Telegraph, the government's independent terrorism legislation reviewer Jonathan Hall KC said a key issue is that "it is hard to identify a person who could in law be responsible for chatbot-generated statements that encouraged terrorism."

Kara Frederick, tech director at the Heritage Foundation, discusses the need for regulations on artificial intelligence as lawmakers and tech titans discuss the potential risks. ROBERTS' RULES: Supreme Court chief justice report urges caution on use of AI ahead of contentious election year. PROTECT CHILDREN: Congress must stop a new AI tool used to exploit children. Rep. Jay Obernolte, R-Calif., attends a House Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands hearing on the 9/11 Memorial and Museum Act and other legislation in Longworth Building on Tuesday, December 7, 2021. PRIVACY FEARS: Top lawmaker warns Congress needs to regulate AI appropriately.

Foreign Policy Adviser to Netanyahu Dr. Ophir Falk tells'Cavuto Live' that it could take Israel anywhere from a week to a year to'destroy Hamas.' A pair of explosions near the grave of Iranian general Qassem Soleimani killed at least 103 people and wounded up to 141 more in Kerman, Iran, according to Wednesday reports from Iranian media. Iranian officials say the explosions occurred during a ceremony honoring Soleimani on the fourth anniversary of his death. Soleimani was killed in 2020 at the hands of a U.S. drone strike ordered by then-President Trump. "The blasts were caused by terrorist attacks," Iranian media quoted a local official as saying, without accusing any specific party. "Several gas canisters exploded on the road leading to the cemetery."

Iraqi forces shot down an armed drone on Tuesday over the Erbil airport in northern Iraq, where U.S. and other international forces are stationed, according to a report. The Kurdistan Counter Terrorism, an Iraqi semi-autonomous regional security agency, said an "illegal militia" launched an armed drone against the Erbil airport that was shot down at approximately 09:52 a.m. It is not immediately clear if the foiled attack caused any damage or casualties. U.S. forces in Iraq and Syria have been attacked more than 90 times since the start of the conflict. The Pentagon does not count attacks on U.S. warships at sea in this number.

During 2023, the shape of politics to come appeared in a video. In it, Hillary Clinton – the former Democratic party presidential candidate and secretary of state – says: "You know, people might be surprised to hear me saying this, but I actually like Ron DeSantis a lot. I'd say he's just the kind of guy this country needs." It seems odd that Clinton would warmly endorse a Republican presidential hopeful. Further investigations found the video was produced using generative artificial intelligence (AI).