We propose a deep learning framework, DL-opt, designed to efficiently solve for optimal policies in quantifiable general equilibrium trade models. DL-opt integrates (i) a nested fixed point (NFXP) formulation of the optimization problem, (ii) automatic implicit differentiation to enhance gradient descent for solving unilateral optimal policies, and (iii) a best-response dynamics approach for finding Nash equilibria. Utilizing DL-opt, we solve for non-cooperative tariffs and industrial subsidies across 7 economies and 44 sectors, incorporating sectoral external economies of scale. Our quantitative analysis reveals significant sectoral heterogeneity in Nash policies: Nash industrial subsidies increase with scale elasticities, whereas Nash tariffs decrease with trade elasticities. Moreover, we show that global dual competition, involving both tariffs and industrial subsidies, results in lower tariffs and higher welfare outcomes compared to a global tariff war.

Named entity recognition on the in-domain supervised and few-shot settings have been extensively discussed in the NLP community and made significant progress. However, cross-domain NER, a more common task in practical scenarios, still poses a challenge for most NER methods. Previous research efforts in that area primarily focus on knowledge transfer such as correlate label information from source to target domains but few works pay attention to the problem of label conflict. In this study, we introduce a label alignment and reassignment approach, namely LAR, to address this issue for enhanced cross-domain named entity recognition, which includes two core procedures: label alignment between source and target domains and label reassignment for type inference. The process of label reassignment can significantly be enhanced by integrating with an advanced large-scale language model such as ChatGPT. We conduct an extensive range of experiments on NER datasets involving both supervised and zero-shot scenarios. Empirical experimental results demonstrate the validation of our method with remarkable performance under the supervised and zero-shot out-of-domain settings compared to SOTA methods.

In this essay, I argue that explicit ethical machines, whose moral principles are inferred through a bottom-up approach, are unable to replicate human-like moral reasoning and cannot be considered moral agents. By utilizing Alan Turing's theory of computation, I demonstrate that moral reasoning is computationally intractable by these machines due to the halting problem. I address the frontiers of machine ethics by formalizing moral problems into 'algorithmic moral questions' and by exploring moral psychology's dual-process model. While the nature of Turing Machines theoretically allows artificial agents to engage in recursive moral reasoning, critical limitations are introduced by the halting problem, which states that it is impossible to predict with certainty whether a computational process will halt. A thought experiment involving a military drone illustrates this issue, showing that an artificial agent might fail to decide between actions due to the halting problem, which limits the agent's ability to make decisions in all instances, undermining its moral agency.

Google's parent company, Alphabet, outperformed analysts' expectations on Tuesday, reporting second-quarter earnings of 1.89 per share, the same as its first quarter results. Alphabet's CEO, Sundar Pichai, touted the results as proof that the company's investments across different areas of its tech empire were seeing positive returns. "Our strong performance this quarter highlights ongoing strength in Search and momentum in Cloud. We are innovating at every layer of the AI stack," Pichai stated in the earnings report. "Our longstanding infrastructure leadership and in-house research teams position us well as technology evolves and as we pursue the many opportunities ahead."

Regulators in the US and Europe have laid out the "shared principles" they plan to adhere to in order to "protect competition and consumers" when it comes to artificial intelligence. "Guided by our respective laws, we will work to ensure effective competition and the fair and honest treatment of consumers and businesses," the Department of Justice, Federal Trade Commission, European Commission and the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) said. "Technological inflection points can introduce new means of competing, catalyzing opportunity, innovation and growth," the agencies said in a joint statement. "Accordingly, we must work to ensure the public reaps the full benefits of these moments." They based these factors on their experience working in related markets.

The US transportation department said on Tuesday it was opening an investigation into Delta Air Lines after the carrier canceled more than 5,000 flights since Friday as it struggles to recover from a global cyber outage that snarled airlines worldwide. While other carriers have been able to resume normal operations, Delta has continued to cancel hundreds of flights daily of a crew scheduling system. Since Friday Delta has been cancelling 30% or more of its flights daily through Monday, axing 444 flights on Tuesday, or 12% of its schedule as of 11.00am and delaying another 590, or 16%, according to FlightAware, after cancelling 1,150 on Monday. The transportation secretary, Pete Buttigieg, said on Tuesday the investigation was to "ensure the airline is following the law and taking care of its passengers during continued widespread disruptions … Our department will leverage the full extent of our investigative and enforcement power to ensure the rights of Delta's passengers are upheld." Delta said it was in receipt of the USDOT notice of investigation and was fully cooperating.

Israel strikes Yemen Houthis Dek: Israel launched its first ever strikes against Houthi rebels in Yemen just days after Jerusalem vowed revenge from a drone strike on Tel Aviv. A secret meeting between the U.S., Israel and the United Arab Emirates has been held to discuss a potential strategy on how the Gaza Strip will be governed once there is an end to the months-long war, Fox News confirmed Tuesday. The meeting, held in Abu Dhabi on Thursday, suggests that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu may be looking to establish a plan for Gaza once the war is over, following repeated calls for a cease-fire. But details on the Thursday meeting – first reported by Axios – remain scarce, and it is unclear if options for ending the war were also discussed. Smoke and flames rise in the wake of an Israeli airstrike in Gaza on Nov. 2, 2023.

One year ago, seven leading AI companies--Amazon, Anthropic, Google, Inflection, Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI--committed with the White House to a set voluntary commitments on how to develop AI in a safe and trustworthy way. The eight commitments included promises to do things like improve the testing and transparency around AI systems, and share information on potential harms and risks. On the first anniversary of the voluntary commitments, MIT Technology Review asked the AI companies that signed the commitments for details on their work so far. Their replies show that the tech sector has made some welcome progress--with some pretty big caveats. To read more about how the US is approaching AI regulation, check out the latest edition of The Algorithm, our weekly newsletter untangling the complicated world of AI.

The Chinese Communist Party is a geopolitical cancer that will metastasize unless America can contain it with a once-in-a-generation investment in our national defense. Already, the CCP is actively colluding with Russia, prolonging Putin's war against Ukraine by blunting the impact of Western sanctions; it reaffirmed its support for Iran even after the deadly Oct. 7 attacks against Israel; and it has an explicit defense treaty with Kim Jung Un's North Korean dictatorship. To make matters even more dire, Chinese President Xi Jinping has instructed his People's Liberation Army to be ready to invade Taiwan by 2027. Chinese President Xi Jinping has instructed his People's Liberation Army to be ready to invade Taiwan by 2027. As George Washington counseled Congress in the nation's first ever inaugural address, "to be prepared for war is the most effectual means of preserving the peace."

But AI nerds may remember that exactly a year ago, on July 21, 2023, Biden was posing with seven top tech executives at the White House. He'd just negotiated a deal where they agreed to eight of the most prescriptive rules targeted at the AI sector at that time. A lot can change in a year! The voluntary commitments were hailed as much-needed guidance for the AI sector, which was building powerful technology with few guardrails. Since then, eight more companies have signed the commitments, and the White House has issued an executive order that expands upon them--for example, with a requirement that developers share safety test results for new AI models with the US government if the tests show that the technology could pose a risk to national security.