The goal of this challenge is to test the potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to control electrical power transmission, in the most cost-effective manner, while keeping people and equipment safe from harm. Solving this challenge may have very positive impacts on society, as governments move to decarbonize the electricity sector and to electrify other sectors, to help reach IPCC climate goals. Existing software, computational methods and optimal powerflow solvers are not adequate for real-time network operations on short temporal horizons in a reasonable computational time. With recent changes in electricity generation and consumption patterns, system operation is moving to become more of a stochastic rather than a deterministic control problem. In order to overcome these complexities, new computational methods are required. The intention of this challenge is to explore RL as a solution method for electricity network control. There may be under-utilized, cost-effective flexibility in the power network that RL techniques can identify and capitalize on, that human operators and traditional solution techniques are unaware of or unaccustomed to. An RL agent that can act in conjunction, or in parallel with human network operators, will optimize grid security and reliability, allowing more renewable resources to be connected while minimizing the cost and maintaining supply to customers, and preventing damage to electrical equipment. Another aim of the project is to broaden the audience for the problem of electricity network control and to foster collaboration between experts in both the power systems community and the wider RL/ML community.

Scientists at Osaka University built a new computing device from field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) that can be customized by the user for maximum efficiency in artificial intelligence applications. Compared with currently used rewireable hardware, the system increases circuit density by a factor of 12. Also, it is expected to reduce energy usage by 80%. This advance may lead to flexible artificial intelligence (AI) solutions that provide enhanced performance while consuming much less electricity. AI is becoming a part of everyday life for almost all consumers. However, implementing these algorithms often require a large amount of computing power, which means large electricity bills, as well as big carbon footprints.

Recent advances in wireless radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting allows sensor nodes to increase their lifespan by remotely charging their batteries. The amount of energy harvested by the nodes varies depending on their ambient environment, and proximity to the source. The lifespan of the sensor network depends on the minimum amount of energy a node can harvest in the network. It is thus important to learn the least amount of energy harvested by nodes so that the source can transmit on a frequency band that maximizes this amount. We model this learning problem as a novel stochastic Maximin Multi-Armed Bandits (Maximin MAB) problem and propose an Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) based algorithm named Maximin UCB. Maximin MAB is a generalization of standard MAB and enjoys the same performance guarantee as that of the UCB1 algorithm. Experimental results validate the performance guarantees of our algorithm.

The global energy demands are growing every year, and fossil fuels won't be able to fulfill our energy needs in the future. Carbon emissions from fossil fuels hit an all-time high in 2018 due to increased energy consumption. On the other hand, renewable energy is emerging out as a reliable alternative to fossil fuels. It is much safer and cleaner than conventional sources. With the advancements in technology, the renewable energy sector has made significant progress in the last decade.

Alphabet is using its dominance in the search and advertising spaces -- and its massive size -- to find its next billion-dollar business. From healthcare to smart cities to banking, here are 10 industries the tech giant is targeting. With growing threats from its big tech peers Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon, Alphabet's drive to disrupt has become more urgent than ever before. The conglomerate is leveraging the power of its first moats -- search and advertising -- and its massive scale to find its next billion-dollar businesses. To protect its current profits and grow more broadly, Alphabet is edging its way into industries adjacent to the ones where it has already found success and entering new spaces entirely to find opportunities for disruption. Evidence of Alphabet's efforts is showing up in several major industries. For example, the company is using artificial intelligence to understand the causes of diseases like diabetes and cancer and how to treat them. Those learnings feed into community health projects that serve the public, and also help Alphabet's effort to build smart cities. Elsewhere, Alphabet is using its scale to build a better virtual assistant and own the consumer electronics software layer. It's also leveraging that scale to build a new kind of Google Pay-operated checking account. In this report, we examine how Alphabet and its subsidiaries are currently working to disrupt 10 major industries -- from electronics to healthcare to transportation to banking -- and what else might be on the horizon. Within the world of consumer electronics, Alphabet has already found dominance with one product: Android. Mobile operating system market share globally is controlled by the Linux-based OS that Google acquired in 2005 to fend off Microsoft and Windows Mobile. Today, however, Alphabet's consumer electronics strategy is being driven by its work in artificial intelligence. Google is building some of its own hardware under the Made by Google line -- including the Pixel smartphone, the Chromebook, and the Google Home -- but the company is doing more important work on hardware-agnostic software products like Google Assistant (which is even available on iOS).

Recent research has highlighted the role of relational inductive biases in building learning agents that can generalize and reason in a compositional manner. However, while relational learning algorithms such as graph neural networks (GNNs) show promise, we do not understand how effectively these approaches can adapt to new tasks. In this work, we study the task of logical generalization using GNNs by designing a benchmark suite grounded in first-order logic. Our benchmark suite, GraphLog, requires that learning algorithms perform rule induction in different synthetic logics, represented as knowledge graphs. GraphLog consists of relation prediction tasks on 57 distinct logical domains. We use GraphLog to evaluate GNNs in three different setups: single-task supervised learning, multi-task pretraining, and continual learning. Unlike previous benchmarks, our approach allows us to precisely control the logical relationship between the different tasks. We find that the ability for models to generalize and adapt is strongly determined by the diversity of the logical rules they encounter during training, and our results highlight new challenges for the design of GNN models. We publicly release the dataset and code used to generate and interact with the dataset at https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~ksinha4/graphlog.

Agile satellites are the new generation of Earth observation satellites (EOSs) with stronger attitude maneuvering capability. Since optical remote sensing instruments equipped on satellites cannot see through the cloud, the cloud coverage has a significant influence on the satellite observation missions. We are the first to address multiple agile EOSs scheduling problem under cloud coverage uncertainty where the objective aims to maximize the entire observation profit. The chance constraint programming model is adopted to describe the uncertainty initially, and the observation profit under cloud coverage uncertainty is then calculated via sample approximation method. Subsequently, an improved simulated annealing based heuristic combining a fast insertion strategy is proposed for large-scale observation missions. The experimental results show that the improved simulated annealing heuristic outperforms other algorithms for the multiple AEOSs scheduling problem under cloud coverage uncertainty, which verifies the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Over the last century, scientists have developed methods to map the structures within the Earth's crust, in order to identify resources such as oil reserves, geothermal sources, and, more recently, reservoirs where excess carbon dioxide could potentially be sequestered. They do so by tracking seismic waves that are produced naturally by earthquakes or artificially via explosives or underwater air guns. The way these waves bounce and scatter through the Earth can give scientists an idea of the type of structures that lie beneath the surface. There is a narrow range of seismic waves--those that occur at low frequencies of around 1 hertz--that could give scientists the clearest picture of underground structures spanning wide distances. But these waves are often drowned out by Earth's noisy seismic hum, and are therefore difficult to pick up with current detectors.

In terms of raw data, the earth observation industry is undeniably exploding. Investments in freely available data from satellite constellations like MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel have democratized access to timely satellite imagery of the entire globe (albeit at a lower resolution than you're accustomed to seeing on Google Maps). Meanwhile, cloud providers like AWS and Google Cloud have gone so far as to store satellite data for free, further accelerating global usage of these images. The trouble, naturally, is that interpreting the content of satellite imagery is not an easy task. In the field of remote sensing, researchers have been applying algorithmic techniques to the challenge of earth imagery interpretation for over 70 years.

Extreme temperature can do strange things to metals. In severe heat, iron ceases to be magnetic. In devastating cold, lead becomes a superconductor. For the last 30 years, physicists have been stumped by what exactly happens to uranium ruthenium silicide (URu2Si2) at 17.5 kelvin (minus 256 degrees Celsius). By measuring heat capacity and other characteristics, they can tell it undergoes some type of phase transition, but that's as much as anyone can say with certainty. A team led by Brad Ramshaw used a combination of ultrasound and machine learning to narrow the possible explanations for what happens to this large sample of uranium ruthenium silicide when it enters its so-called "hidden order."