Estimating economic and developmental parameters such as poverty levels of a region from satellite imagery is a challenging problem that has many applications. We propose a two step approach to predict poverty in a rural region from satellite imagery. First, we engineer a multi-task fully convolutional deep network for simultaneously predicting the material of roof, source of lighting and source of drinking water from satellite images. Second, we use the predicted developmental statistics to estimate poverty. Using full-size satellite imagery as input, and without pre-trained weights, our models are able to learn meaningful features including roads, water bodies and farm lands, and achieve a performance that is close to the optimum. In addition to speeding up the training process, the multi-task fully convolutional model is able to discern task specific and independent feature representations.

Label Maker is a python library to help in extracting insight from satellite imagery. Label Maker creates machine-learning-ready training data for most popular ML frameworks, including Keras, Tensor Flow, and MXNet. It pulls data from OpenStreetMap and combines that with imagery sources like Mapbox or Digital Globe to create a single file for use in training machine learning algorithms. Supervised learning methods require two things: satellite imagery and ground-truth labels. If you're looking to train a model in Potsdam or a few other select cities, there are good datasets already available.

Growers in Illinois are looking for new ways to expand their use of technology, and artificial intelligence is emerging as their way of embracing the future of farm production. Chad Colby, an agricultural technologist and creator of Colby AgTech, said Illinois farmers are starting to look into robotics as a way of managing their crops and are using technology they wouldn't have considered a few years ago. Remote sensing in soil and from the sky has become popular, according to Colby. "Right now, today, the use is coming from satellites, drones and aircraft; but over the next couple years, you'll see those benefits expand as guys start to utilize the benefits of new technology in our soils," Colby said. The costs for using artificial intelligence has gotten cheaper, Colby said.

NEW DELHI: New technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Machine Learning, Satellite Imagery and advanced analytics are empowering small-holder farmers in India to increase their income through higher crop yield and greater price control, Microsoft India said. In a few dozen villages in Telengana, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, farmers are receiving automated voice calls that tell them whether their cotton crops are at risk of a pest attack, based on weather conditions and crop stage. In Karnataka, the government can get price forecasts for essential commodities such as tur (split red gram) three months in advance for planning the Minimum Support Price (MSP). "Sowing date as such is very critical to ensure that farmers harvest a good crop. And if it fails, it results in loss as a lot of costs are incurred for seeds, as well as the fertilizer applications," Suhas P. Wani, Director, Asia Region, of the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), said in a Microsoft blog post.

New technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Machine Learning, Satellite Imagery and advanced analytics are empowering small-holder farmers in India to increase their income through higher crop yield and greater price control, Microsoft India said. In a few dozen villages in Telengana, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, farmers are receiving automated voice calls that tell them whether their cotton crops are at risk of a pest attack, based on weather conditions and crop stage. In Karnataka, the government can get price forecasts for essential commodities such as tur (split red gram) three months in advance for planning the Minimum Support Price (MSP). "Sowing date as such is very critical to ensure that farmers harvest a good crop. And if it fails, it results in loss as a lot of costs are incurred for seeds, as well as the fertilizer applications," Suhas P. Wani, Director, Asia Region, of the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), said in a Microsoft blog post.

Satellite imagery and remote sensing provide explanatory variables at relatively high resolutions for modeling geospatial phenomena, yet regional summaries are often desirable for analysis and actionable insight. In this paper, we propose a novel method of inducing spatial aggregations as a component of the machine learning process, yielding regional model features whose construction is driven by model prediction performance rather than prior assumptions. Our results demonstrate that Genetic Programming is particularly well suited to this type of feature construction because it can automatically synthesize appropriate aggregations, as well as better incorporate them into predictive models compared to other regression methods we tested. In our experiments we consider a specific problem instance and real-world dataset relevant to predicting snow properties in high-mountain Asia.

Deep learning (DL), a new-generation artificial neural network research, has made profound strides in recent years. This review paper is intended to provide water resources scientists with a simple technical overview, trans-disciplinary progress update, and potentially inspirations about DL. Effective architectures, more accessible data, advances in regularization, and new computing power enabled the success of DL. A trans-disciplinary review reveals that DL is rapidly transforming myriad scientific disciplines including high-energy physics, astronomy, chemistry, genomics and remote sensing, where systematic DL toolkits, innovative customizations, and sub-disciplines have emerged. However, with a few exceptions, its adoption in hydrology has so far been gradual. The literature suggests that novel regularization techniques can effectively prevent high-capacity deep networks from overfitting. As a result, in most scientific disciplines, DL models demonstrated superior predictive and generalization performance to conventional methods. Meanwhile, less noticed is that DL may also serve as a scientific exploratory tool. A new area termed "AI neuroscience", has been born. This budding sub-discipline is accumulating a significant body of work, e.g., distilling knowledge obtained in DL networks to interpretable models, attributing decisions to inputs via back-propagation of relevance, or visualization of activations. These methods are designed to interpret the decision process of deep networks and derive insights. While scientists so far have mostly been using customized, ad-hoc methods for interpretation, vast opportunities await for DL to propel advancement in water science.

Arctic coastal morphology is governed by multiple factors, many of which are affected by climatological changes. As the season length for shorefast ice decreases and temperatures warm permafrost soils, coastlines are more susceptible to erosion from storm waves. Such coastal erosion is a concern, since the majority of the population centers and infrastructure in the Arctic are located near the coasts. Stakeholders and decision makers increasingly need models capable of scenario-based predictions to assess and mitigate the effects of coastal morphology on infrastructure and land use. Our research uses Gaussian process models to forecast Arctic coastal erosion along the Beaufort Sea near Drew Point, AK. Gaussian process regression is a data-driven modeling methodology capable of extracting patterns and trends from data-sparse environments such as remote Arctic coastlines. To train our model, we use annual coastline positions and near-shore summer temperature averages from existing datasets and extend these data by extracting additional coastlines from satellite imagery. We combine our calibrated models with future climate models to generate a range of plausible future erosion scenarios. Our results show that the Gaussian process methodology substantially improves yearly predictions compared to linear and nonlinear least squares methods, and is capable of generating detailed forecasts suitable for use by decision makers.

The deluge of satellite imagery leaves U.S. intelligence agencies with the world's biggest case of FOMO--"fear of missing out"--because human analysts can sift through only so many images to spot a new nuclear enrichment facility or missiles being trucked to different locations. That's why U.S. intelligence officials have sponsored an artificial-intelligence challenge to automatically identify objects of interest in satellite images. Since July, competitors have trained machine-learning algorithms on one of the world's largest publicly available data sets of satellite imagery--containing 1 million labeled objects, such as buildings and facilities. The data is provided by the U.S. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). The 10 finalists will see their AI algorithms scored against a hidden data set of satellite imagery when the challenge closes at the end of December.

Obtaining detailed and reliable data about local economic livelihoods in developing countries is expensive, and data are consequently scarce. Previous work has shown that it is possible to measure local-level economic livelihoods using high-resolution satellite imagery. However, such imagery is relatively expensive to acquire, often not updated frequently, and is mainly available for recent years. We train CNN models on free and publicly available multispectral daytime satellite images of the African continent from the Landsat 7 satellite, which has collected imagery with global coverage for almost two decades. We show that despite these images' lower resolution, we can achieve accuracies that exceed previous benchmarks.