EDITORIALS This Fall issue marks the first time we have devoted the AI Figure 1 summarizes the results of a survey I ran in 1985. The idea originated a couple of depicts the number of AI based systems in the various stages years ago, and I'm pleased to see the actual implementation. of research, development, field service and production use. Mark Fox, Special Editor for this issue, is to be congratulated It is my guess that the survey represents about 15% of the for a fine job of selecting some of the best authorities in systems currently under development. The incursion of AI the field and working with them to produce an excellent survey into the manufacturing world has reached the point that discussions of the current state of the art in AI for manufacturing. The quality of all the articles was so high that we didn't want to exclude any of them.

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This article provides a discussion of factory design and an artificial intelligence (AI) approach to this problem. Major issues covered include knowledge acquisition and representation, design methodology, system architecture, and communication. The facilities design expert systems (FADES developed by the author is presented and described to illustrate issues in factory design.

This is the second part of a two-part article describing AI work at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). In the Space Operations Directorate, these groups include (1) the Mission Planning and Analysis Division (MPAD) - Technology Development and Applications Branch, (2) the Spacecraft Software Division, and (3) the Systems Division - Systems Support Section. This second part of the article describes the AI work in the Space Operations Directorate. The first part of the article, published in the last week of AI Magazine, (7:1, Summer 1986) described the AI work in the Research and Engineering Directorate.

This article provides some basic assistance to entrepreneurs involved in artificial intelligence, offering a synthesis of standard business-planning and capital-raising practices. Three main areas are discussed: (1) developing a corporate strategy, (2) developing a business plan that works, and (3) approaching sources of capital.

This is the second part of a two-part article describing AI work at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). Research and applications work in AI is being conducted by several groups at JSC. These are primarily independent groups that interact with each other on an informal basis. In the Research and Engineering Directorate, these groups include (1) the Artificial Intelligence and Information Sciences Office, (2) the Simulation and Avionics Integration Division, (3) the Avionics Systems Division, and (4) the Tracking and Communications Division. In the Space Operations Directorate, these groups include (1) the Mission Planning and Analysis Division (MPAD) - Technology Development and Applications Branch, (2) the Spacecraft Software Division, and (3) the Systems Division - Systems Support Section. This second part of the article describes the AI work in the Space Operations Directorate. The first part of the article, published in the last week of AI Magazine, (7:1, Summer 1986) described the AI work in the Research and Engineering Directorate.

I review the research leading from the GUIDON rule-based tutoring system, including the reconfiguration of MYCIN into NEOMYCIN and NEOMYCIN's generalization in the heuristic classification shell, HERACLES. The presentation is organized chronologically around pictures and dialogues that represent conceptual turning points and crystallize the basic ideas. My purpose is to collect the important results in one place, so they can be easily grasped. In the conclusion, I make some observations about our research methodology.

One to organize the construction teams. One to hack the planning system. How many AI people does it take to change a lightbulb? One to get Westinghouse to sponsor the research. One to indicate about how the robot mimics human motor A. At least 55: The knowledge engineering group (6): One to define the goal state.

Research and applications work in AI is being conducted by several groups at Johnson Space Center (JSC). In the Research and Engineering Directorate, these groups include (1) the Artificial Intelligence and Information Sciences Office, (2) the Simulation and Avionics Integration Division, (3) the Avionics Systems Division (ASD), and (4) the Tracking and Communications Division. In the Space Operations Directorate, these groups include (1) the Mission Planning and Analysis Division - Technology Development and Applications Branch, (2) the Spacecraft Software Division, and (3) the Systems Division-Systems Support Section. The first part of the article describes the AI work in Research and Engineering Directorate.

The possibility of constructing a personal AI raises many ethical and religious questions that have been dealt with seriously only by imaginative works of fiction; they have largely been ignored by technical experts and by philosophical and theological ethicists. Arguing that a personal AI is possible in principle, and that its accomplishments could be adjudicated by the Turing Test, the article suggests some of the moral issues involved in AI experimentation by comparing them to issues in medical experimentation. Finally, the article asks questions about the capacities and possibilities of such an artifact for making moral decisions. It is suggested that much a priori ethical thinking is necessary and that, that such a project cannot only stimulate our moral imaginations, but can also tell us much about our moral thinking and pedagogy, whether or not it is ever accomplished in fact.