A YOUNG MAN, WHO HAS OLIGURIA. IT HAS BEEN DENIED THAT HE HAS RECENT SCARLET FEVER. HE HAS NOT-RECEIVED RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST MATERIAL. HE HAS NOT-RECEIVED NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS. HE HAS MODERATELY-ELEVATED URINE SODIUM.

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Boitet, C. 1977 Where Does GETA Stand at the Beginning of Brinkmann, K.-H.

This text is a description of a computer-based system designed to assist physicians with clinical decision-making. This system, termed MYCIN, utilizes computer techniques derived principally from the subfield of computer science known as artificial intelligence (AI). MYCIN's task is to assist with the decisions involved in the selection of appropriate therapy for patients with infections.

MYCIN contains considerable medical expertise and is also a novel application of computing technology. Thus, this text is addressed both to members of the medical community, who may have limited computer science backgrounds, and to computer scientists with limited knowledge of medical computing and clinical medicine. Some sections of the text may be of greater interest to one community than to the other. A guide to the text follows so that you may select those portions most pertinent to your particular interests and background.

The complete book in a single file.

Northwestern students who are interested in changing their major, or simply sampling the computer science field, can take individual introductory courses.

A computer program has been written that successfully discovers syntheses for complex organic chemical moleculeB. The definition of the search space and strategies for heuristic search are described in this paper. It is not growing like a tree... ...In small proportions we just beauties see; - Ben Jonson. Introduction The design of application of artificial intelligence to a scientific task such as Organic Chemical Synthesis was the topic of a Doctoral Thesis completed in the summer of 197I. Chemical synthesis in practice involves i) the choice of molecule to be synthesized; ii) the formulation and specification of a plan for synthesis (involving a valid reaction pathway leading from commercial or readily available compounds to the target compounds with consideration of feasibility regarding the purposes of synthesis); iii) the selection of specific individual steps of reaction and their temporal ordering for execution; iv) the experimental execution of the synthesis and v) the redesign of syntheses, if necessary, depending upon the experimental results. In contrast to the physical synthesis of the molecule, the activity in ii) above can be termed the'formal synthesis'. This development of the specification of syntheses involves no laboratory technique and is carried out mainly on paper and in the minds of chemists (and now within a computer's memory!). Importance and Difficulty of Chemical Synthesis The importance of chemical synthesis is undeniable and there is emphatic testimony to the high regard held by scientists for synthesis chemists.

The purpose of this section is to review our own research on the use of a computer to solve diagnostic and treatment problems in medicine. A major result of this research has been the development of a computer program that is intended to serve as a consultant in a number of medical problem areas. Here the considerations that underlie the program are discussed. The basic functions of the program are outlined in a nontechnical way, and an example of the use of the program is given. Then the results of the use of the program for several different medical problems are reviewed. Finally, an attempt is made to ascertain the potential of programs such as this in the delivery of appropriate medical care. Detailed reports on various aspects of this research are available in the literature (Gorry, 1967; 1968; Gorry and Barnett, 1968a; 1968b), and so the emphasis here will be on providing a general overview of the work and results obtained to date.

At the present stage of research in artificial intelligence , machines are stil l remote from achieving a level of intelligence comparable in complexity to human thought. As computer applications become more sophisticated, however, and thus more influential in human affairs , it becomes increasingly important to understand both the capabilities and limitations of machine Intelligence and its potential impact on society. To this end, the artificial intelligence field was ex­amined in a systematic manner. The study was divided into two parts : (1) Delineation of areas of artificial intelligence, and postulatio " of hypothetical prod­ucts resulting from progress in the field , and (2) A judgmental portion, which involved appli­cations and implications of the products to society . For the latter purpose, a Delphi study was conducted among experts in the artificial intelligence field to solicit their opinion concerning prototype and com­mercial dates for the products, and the possibility and desirability of their applications and implications .In IJCAI-73: THIRD INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 20-23 August 1973, Stanford University Stanford, California.

The frame problem arises in attempts to formalise problem--solving processes involving interactions with a complex world. It concerns the difficulty of keeping track of the consequences of the performance of an action in, or more generally of the making of some alteration to, a representation of the world. The paper contains a survey of the problem, showing how it arises in several contexts and relating it to some traditional problems in philosophical logic. In the second part of the paper several suggested partial solutions to the problem are outlined and compared. This comparison necessitates an analysis of what is meant by a representation of a robot's environment.

Kenneth Mark Colby, 1920 - 2001 Kenneth Colby was born in Waterbury, Connecticut and graduated from Yale in 1941. Two years later he graduated from Yale's School of Medicine. Colby started his career as a professor of computer science at Stanford, and also did some research for the National Institute of Mental Health. It was there that he created Parry in the university's Artificial Intelligence Library. Parry was a chatterbot, and able to have conversations with people.