In this Q&A Ari explains why the use of machine learning for automation is unlikely to overtake most organizational roles in the near future, why data is so incredibly important, the continucontinuous need for data scientists and his priorities for 2016.

Many of the inventors who fueled the digital revolution have become household names. Innovators such as Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and Mark Zuckerberg all contributed mightily to the technologies that have transformed our daily lives and society. If you're not an engineer, however, you have probably never heard of the brilliant inventor Rudolf Kálmán, a Budapest-born engineer and mathematician who died on July 2 in Gainesville, Florida, at age 86. His fundamental contribution, an algorithm called the Kalman filter, made possible many essential technological achievements of the last 50 years. These include aerospace systems such as the computers that landed Apollo astronauts on the moon, robotic vehicles that explore our world from the deep sea to the outer planets, and nearly any endeavor that needs to estimate the state of the world from noisy data. Someone once described the entire GPS system--an Earth-girdling constellation of satellites, ground stations, and computers as "one enormous Kalman filter."

Mathematician and physicist Freeman Dyson has had a career as varied as it has been successful. A former professor of physics at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study, he has worked on the unification of the three versions of quantum electrodynamics invented by Richard Feynman, nuclear reactors, solid-state physics, ferromagnetism, astrophysics, biology, and the application of useful and elegant math problems. One of his ideas, the Dyson Sphere, was featured in a "Star Trek" episode. Today, Dyson frequently writes about science and technology's relationship to ethics and social issues. Business Insider sat down with him and talked about math, war, the human brain, the education system, and the Orion Project. This interview has been edited for clarity and length. Elena Holodny: Who has most inspired you in either math or science? Dick Feynman ... he has now become famous, to my great joy, because when I knew him he was completely unknown. But I recognized him as being something special. He was only for a short time at Cornell when I was a student and he was a young professor. So I didn't work with him, but I just sat at his feet, literally, and listened to him talk. He was a clown, of course, and also a genius. It was a good combination.

The system is called Recognition and will be running for three months in London up to 27 November 2016, both online and in a small exhibition at the Tate. A nice touch is that it will also take in feedback from matching selections made by viewers themselves at the art museum on Millbank. Created by Fabrica, it's the winner of the IK Prize 2016 for digital innovation, awarded by Tate Britain, in partnership with Microsoft. You can see it in action above, in the match of LS Lowry's Industrial Landscape (from 1955) with a recent construction image of Changi Airport in Singapore… Apparently, Recognition employs multiple artificial intelligence technologies. For example, there is natural language processing to interpret image captions and text, analysing context and subject matter.

Philosophers of science are not known for agreeing with each other--contrariness is part of the job description. But for thousands of years, from Aristotle to Thomas Kuhn, those who study what science is have roughly categorized themselves into two basic camps: "realists" and "anti-realists." In philosophical terms, "anti-realists" or "empiricists" understand science as investigating the properties of observable objects via experiments. Empirical theories are constrained by the experimental results. "Realists," on the other hand, speculate more freely about the possible shape of the unobservable world, often designing mathematical explanations that cannot (yet) be tested. Isaac Newton was a realist, as are string theorists. Most scientists do not lose sleep worrying about philosophical divides. But maybe they should; Albert Einstein certainly did, as did Niels Bohr, and Erwin Schrödinger.

Abstract: With the mission "leave no valuable data behind", we developed techniques for knowledge fusion to guarantee the correctness of the knowledge. This talk starts with describing a few crazy ideas we have tested. The first, known as "Knowledge Vault", used 15 extractors to automatically extract knowledge from 1B Webpages, obtaining 3B distinct (subject, predicate, object) knowledge triples and predicting well-calibrated probabilities for extracted triples. The second, known as "Knowledge-Based Trust", estimated the trustworthiness of 119M webpages and 5.6M websites based on the correctness of their factual information. We then present how we bring the ideas to business in filling the gap between the knowledge at Google Knowledge Graph and the knowledge in the world.

This interview is part of a Machine Learning series. We invited Adam Geitgey, Director of Software Engineering at Groupon, to talk about the difference between machine learning and the older artificial intelligence effort and the progress we've made so far. JAXenter: How are you involved in machine learning? Adam Geitgey: My professional background is primarily in traditional software development, not machine learning. I've worked on scaling large-scale websites, building backend systems, building mobile apps and other things like that.

The National Museum of Nature and Science on Tuesday added Lion Corp.'s enzyme-based laundry detergent Top to a list of important historical materials that have had an impact on Japanese lives and culture. Top, which first hit the market in 1979, was among 16 items honored with the designation by the Tokyo museum as "Essential Historical Materials for Science and Technology." With its protein-removing enzymes, the laundry detergent has been popular for its cleaning performance and environmentally friendly formula. Among the other products chosen to make the annual list this year were NEC Corp.'s PC-9801 16-bit personal computer, which debuted in 1982, and the Yagi-Uda antenna, the world's first directional ultrashort-wave antenna that is now used throughout the world in radios and televisions. The antenna, commonly known as the Yagi antenna, derives its name from one of its developers, Dr. Hidetsugu Yagi of Tohoku University.

John McCarthy, an American computer scientist pioneer and inventor, was known as the father of Artificial Intelligence (AI) after playing a seminal role in defining the field devoted to the development of intelligent machines. The cognitive scientist coined the term in his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Conference, the first artificial intelligence conference. The objective was to explore ways to make a machine that could reason like a human, was capable of abstract thought, problem-solving and self-improvement. He believed that "every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it." It would prove a challenge that eluded him and which still eludes computer designers today.

A 12-year-old who read The Lord Of The Rings aged five has become the youngest Cornell University freshman in the Ivy School's history. Jeremy Shuler was home-schooled by his parents - both aerospace engineers from Grand Prairie, Texas - and started reading books in English and Korean aged two. To help get him into Cornell, Jeremy's parents moved to Ithaca, where his father, Andy Shuler, took up a post at Lockheed Martin Upstate New York. A 12-year-old who started studying calculus aged 6 has become the youngest Cornell University freshman in the Ivy School's history With his bowl-cut hair, cherubic face and frequent happy laughter, Jeremy is clearly still a child despite his advanced intelligence. He swung in his chair while his parents, who he calls Mommy and Daddy, recounted his early years during an interview at the engineering school where his grandfather is a professor, his father got his doctorate and Jeremy is now an undergrad.