A decade after its widespread adoption, it's safe to say that U.S. schools utterly failed to acclimate our students to social media and to anticipate the profound damage it could do. The result of widespread social media use among students (said the U.S. surgeon general in a recent advisory) is increased anxiety, stress, and depression. As a school technology specialist working with a population of middle- and high-schoolers, I see firsthand parents' desperation when I host standing-room-only sessions about social media and mental health. With the swift emergence of A.I., educators have an opportunity to do better. This summer, K–12 schools must get to work drafting academic policies governing the use of A.I. and facilitating professional development for teachers about the new technology.

Personas are models of users that incorporate motivations, wishes, and objectives; These models are employed in user-centred design to help design better user experiences and have recently been employed in adaptive systems to help tailor the personalized user experience. Designing with personas involves the production of descriptions of fictitious users, which are often based on data from real users. The majority of data-driven persona development performed today is based on qualitative data from a limited set of interviewees and transformed into personas using labour-intensive manual techniques. In this study, we propose a method that employs the modelling of user stereotypes to automate part of the persona creation process and addresses the drawbacks of the existing semi-automated methods for persona development. The description of the method is accompanied by an empirical comparison with a manual technique and a semi-automated alternative (multiple correspondence analysis). The results of the comparison show that manual techniques differ between human persona designers leading to different results. The proposed algorithm provides similar results based on parameter input, but was more rigorous and will find optimal clusters, while lowering the labour associated with finding the clusters in the dataset. The output of the method also represents the largest variances in the dataset identified by the multiple correspondence analysis.

Context: An increasing demand is observed in various domains to employ Machine Learning (ML) for solving complex problems. ML models are implemented as software components and deployed in Machine Learning Software Systems (MLSSs). Problem: There is a strong need for ensuring the serving quality of MLSSs. False or poor decisions of such systems can lead to malfunction of other systems, significant financial losses, or even threats to human life. The quality assurance of MLSSs is considered a challenging task and currently is a hot research topic. Objective: This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of real quality issues in MLSSs from the viewpoint of practitioners. This empirical study aims to identify a catalog of quality issues in MLSSs. Method: We conduct a set of interviews with practitioners/experts, to gather insights about their experience and practices when dealing with quality issues. We validate the identified quality issues via a survey with ML practitioners. Results: Based on the content of 37 interviews, we identified 18 recurring quality issues and 24 strategies to mitigate them. For each identified issue, we describe the causes and consequences according to the practitioners' experience. Conclusion: We believe the catalog of issues developed in this study will allow the community to develop efficient quality assurance tools for ML models and MLSSs. A replication package of our study is available on our public GitHub repository.

Advanced programmatic hyperparameter optimization (HPO) methods, such as Bayesian optimization, have high sample efficiency in reproducibly finding optimal hyperparameter values of machine learning (ML) models. Yet, ML practitioners often apply less sample-efficient HPO methods, such as grid search, which often results in under-optimized ML models. As a reason for this behavior, we suspect practitioners choose HPO methods based on individual motives, consisting of contextual factors and individual goals. However, practitioners' motives still need to be clarified, hindering the evaluation of HPO methods for achieving specific goals and the user-centered development of HPO tools. To understand practitioners' motives for using specific HPO methods, we used a mixed-methods approach involving 20 semi-structured interviews and a survey study with 71 ML experts to gather evidence of the external validity of the interview results. By presenting six main goals (e.g., improving model understanding) and 14 contextual factors affecting practitioners' selection of HPO methods (e.g., available computer resources), our study explains why practitioners use HPO methods that seem inappropriate at first glance. This study lays a foundation for designing user-centered and context-adaptive HPO tools and, thus, linking social and technical research on HPO.

This story is part of Future Tense Fiction, a monthly series of short stories from Future Tense and Arizona State University's Center for Science and the Imagination about how technology and science will change our lives. THE COURT: Please be seated. Let's try to keep the temperature down in here. We don't need a repeat of yesterday. It'll just be Mr. Blatz and myself today. Sorry, it's hard to tell with … are you with us? ORWELL: Omni-dimensional Recursively Written Entity for Language Learning present and ready, Your Honor. THE COURT: You can just say ORWELL. Are we ready to proceed? LIU: Your Honor, we'd like to call the Defendant to the stand. Mr. Blatz will handle examination. THE COURT: We have the wiring sorted out? Please refrain from using the monitor on the Defendant's table until you're off the stand.

For this week's TIME100 Most Influential Companies cover story about OpenAI and its CEO Sam Altman, TIME's former editor-in-chief Edward Felsenthal sat down with a number of company executives in early May, including two sessions with Altman, transcribed below. The conversations have been condensed and edited for clarity. Sam Altman: One thing I use it for every day is help with summarization. I can't really keep up on my inbox anymore, but I made a little thing to help it summarize for me and pull out important stuff from unknown senders, and that's very helpful. I used it to translate an article for someone I'm meeting next week, to prepare for that. This is sort of a funny thing, I used it to help me draft a tweet that I was having a hard time with. Not as much as it might have seemed from the outside.

It looks like Fake Drake won't be taking home a Grammy. Recording Academy CEO Harvey Mason Jr. said this week that although the organization will consider music with limited AI-generated voices or instrumentation for award recognition, it will only honor songs written and performed "mostly by a human." "At this point, we are going to allow AI music and content to be submitted, but the Grammys will only be allowed to go to human creators who have contributed creatively in the appropriate categories," Mason said in an interview with Grammy.com. "If there's an AI voice singing the song or AI instrumentation, we'll consider it. But in a songwriting-based category, it has to have been written mostly by a human. Same goes for performance categories – only a human performer can be considered for a Grammy. If AI did the songwriting or created the music, that's a different consideration. But the Grammy will go to human creators at this point."

A tourist submersible taking passengers down to the Titanic wreck site has gone missing with a search currently underway. Former Navy submariner Bryan Clark joins'Fox & Friends' to discuss. The Titan submarine OceanGate has been charging tourists around $250,000 each to ride in is operated by an inexpensive video game controller, its CEO revealed in a video interview last year. Stockton Rush, during a segment aired by "CBS Sunday Morning," said "we run the whole thing with this game controller" while holding up what appears to be a modified Logitech F710 wireless gamepad. The device first debuted in 2011, according to the gaming website Dexerto, and a refurbished version of it currently retails for $30 on Amazon.

There are three problems existing in the popular data-to-text datasets. First, the large-scale datasets either contain noise or lack real application scenarios. Second, the datasets close to real applications are relatively small in size. Last, current datasets bias in the English language while leaving other languages underexplored. To alleviate these limitations, in this paper, we present CATS, a pragmatic Chinese answer-to-sequence dataset with large scale and high quality. The dataset aims to generate textual descriptions for the answer in the practical TableQA system. Further, to bridge the structural gap between the input SQL and table and establish better semantic alignments, we propose a Unified Graph Transformation approach to establish a joint encoding space for the two hybrid knowledge resources and convert this task to a graph-to-text problem. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Further analysis on CATS attests to both the high quality and challenges of the dataset.

Although it has potential to support English as a foreign language (EFL) students' writing, to effectively collaborate with it, a student must learn to engineer prompts, that is, the skill of crafting appropriate instructions so that ChatGPT produces desired outputs. However, writing an appropriate prompt for ChatGPT is not straightforward for non-technical users who suffer a trial-and-error process. This paper examines the content of EFL students' ChatGPT prompts when completing a writing task and explores patterns in the quality and quantity of the prompts. The data come from iPad screen recordings of secondary school EFL students who used ChatGPT and other SOTA chatbots for the first time to complete the same writing task. The paper presents a case study of four distinct pathways that illustrate the trial-and-error process and show different combinations of prompt content and quantity. The cases contribute evidence for the need to provide prompt engineering education in the context of the EFL writing classroom, if students are to move beyond an individual trial-anderror process, learning a greater variety of prompt content and more sophisticated prompts to support their writing. Keywords: artificial intelligence; chatbots; prompt engineering; writing; case study; ChatGPT 1. Introduction ChatGPT's incredible popularity indicates many people's desire to transform their world of education, work and leisure through chatbots. Previously, chatbots followed a rule-based design with limited capabilities to respond accurately to user queries, especially with unfamiliar inputs.