This paper introduces an innovative approach to enhance distributed cooperative learning using Gaussian process (GP) regression in multi-agent systems (MASs). The key contribution of this work is the development of an elective learning algorithm, namely prior-aware elective distributed GP (Pri-GP), which empowers agents with the capability to selectively request predictions from neighboring agents based on their trustworthiness. The proposed Pri-GP effectively improves individual prediction accuracy, especially in cases where the prior knowledge of an agent is incorrect. Moreover, it eliminates the need for computationally intensive variance calculations for determining aggregation weights in distributed GP. Furthermore, we establish a prediction error bound within the Pri-GP framework, ensuring the reliability of predictions, which is regarded as a crucial property in safety-critical MAS applications.

Foundation models have indeed made a profound impact on various fields, emerging as pivotal components that significantly shape the capabilities of intelligent systems. In the context of intelligent vehicles, leveraging the power of foundation models has proven to be transformative, offering notable advancements in visual understanding. Equipped with multi-modal and multi-task learning capabilities, multi-modal multi-task visual understanding foundation models (MM-VUFMs) effectively process and fuse data from diverse modalities and simultaneously handle various driving-related tasks with powerful adaptability, contributing to a more holistic understanding of the surrounding scene. In this survey, we present a systematic analysis of MM-VUFMs specifically designed for road scenes. Our objective is not only to provide a comprehensive overview of common practices, referring to task-specific models, unified multi-modal models, unified multi-task models, and foundation model prompting techniques, but also to highlight their advanced capabilities in diverse learning paradigms. These paradigms include open-world understanding, efficient transfer for road scenes, continual learning, interactive and generative capability. Moreover, we provide insights into key challenges and future trends, such as closed-loop driving systems, interpretability, embodied driving agents, and world models. To facilitate researchers in staying abreast of the latest developments in MM-VUFMs for road scenes, we have established a continuously updated repository at https://github.com/rolsheng/MM-VUFM4DS

Android malware detection serves as the front line against malicious apps. With the rapid advancement of machine learning (ML), ML-based Android malware detection has attracted increasing attention due to its capability of automatically capturing malicious patterns from Android APKs. These learning-driven methods have reported promising results in detecting malware. However, the absence of an in-depth analysis of current research progress makes it difficult to gain a holistic picture of the state of the art in this area. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation to date into ML-based Android malware detection with empirical and quantitative analysis. We first survey the literature, categorizing contributions into a taxonomy based on the Android feature engineering and ML modeling pipeline. Then, we design a general-propose framework for ML-based Android malware detection, re-implement 12 representative approaches from different research communities, and evaluate them from three primary dimensions, i.e., effectiveness, robustness, and efficiency. The evaluation reveals that ML-based approaches still face open challenges and provides insightful findings like more powerful ML models are not the silver bullet for designing better malware detectors. We further summarize our findings and put forth recommendations to guide future research.

The hybrid of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Vision Transformers (ViT) architectures has emerged as a groundbreaking approach, pushing the boundaries of computer vision (CV). This comprehensive review provides a thorough examination of the literature on state-of-the-art hybrid CNN-ViT architectures, exploring the synergies between these two approaches. The main content of this survey includes: (1) a background on the vanilla CNN and ViT, (2) systematic review of various taxonomic hybrid designs to explore the synergy achieved through merging CNNs and ViTs models, (3) comparative analysis and application task-specific synergy between different hybrid architectures, (4) challenges and future directions for hybrid models, (5) lastly, the survey concludes with a summary of key findings and recommendations. Through this exploration of hybrid CV architectures, the survey aims to serve as a guiding resource, fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics between CNNs and ViTs and their collective impact on shaping the future of CV architectures.

This literature review gives an overview of current approaches to perform domain adaptation in a low-resource and approaches to perform multilingual semantic search in a low-resource setting. We developed a new typology to cluster domain adaptation approaches based on the part of dense textual information retrieval systems, which they adapt, focusing on how to combine them efficiently. We also explore the possibilities of combining multilingual semantic search with domain adaptation approaches for dense retrievers in a low-resource setting.

Artificial intelligence is transforming our lives, and technological progress and transfer from the academic and theoretical sphere to the real world are accelerating yearly. But during that progress and transition, several open problems and questions need to be addressed for the field to develop ethically, such as digital privacy, ownership, and control. These are some of the reasons why the currently most popular approaches of artificial intelligence, i.e., centralized AI (CEAI), are questionable, with other directions also being widely explored, such as decentralized artificial intelligence (DEAI), to solve some of the most reaching problems. This paper provides a systematic literature review (SLR) of existing work in the field of DEAI, presenting the findings of 71 identified studies. The paper's primary focus is identifying the building blocks of DEAI solutions and networks, tackling the DEAI analysis from a bottom-up approach. In the end, future directions of research and open problems are proposed.

A Normalizing Flow computes a bijective mapping from an arbitrary distribution to a predefined (e.g. normal) distribution. Such a flow can be used to address different tasks, e.g. anomaly detection, once such a mapping has been learned. In this work we introduce Normalizing Flows for Quantum architectures, describe how to model and optimize such a flow and evaluate our method on example datasets. Our proposed models show competitive performance for anomaly detection compared to classical methods, e.g. based on isolation forests, the local outlier factor (LOF) or single-class SVMs, while being fully executable on a quantum computer.

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has been incorporated into many state-of-the-art models in various domains, where SSL defines pretext tasks based on unlabeled datasets to learn contextualized and robust representations. Recently, SSL has been a new trend in exploring the representation learning capability in the realm of tabular data, which is more challenging due to not having explicit relations for learning descriptive representations. This survey aims to systematically review and summarize the recent progress and challenges of SSL for non-sequential tabular data (SSL4NS-TD). We first present a formal definition of NS-TD and clarify its correlation to related studies. Then, these approaches are categorized into three groups -- predictive learning, contrastive learning, and hybrid learning, with their motivations and strengths of representative methods within each direction. On top of this, application issues of SSL4NS-TD are presented, including automatic data engineering, cross-table transferability, and domain knowledge integration. In addition, we elaborate on existing benchmarks and datasets for NS-TD applications to discuss the performance of existing tabular models. Finally, we discuss the challenges of SSL4NS-TD and provide potential directions for future research. We expect our work to be useful in terms of encouraging more research on lowering the barrier to entry SSL for the tabular domain and improving the foundations for implicit tabular data.

Autonomous manipulation in robot arms is a complex and evolving field of study in robotics. This paper introduces an innovative approach to this challenge by focusing on imitation learning (IL). Unlike traditional imitation methods, our approach uses IL based on bilateral control, allowing for more precise and adaptable robot movements. The conventional IL based on bilateral control method have relied on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. In this paper, we present the IL for robot using position and torque information based on Bilateral control with Transformer (ILBiT). This proposed method employs the Transformer model, known for its robust performance in handling diverse datasets and its capability to surpass LSTM's limitations, especially in tasks requiring detailed force adjustments. A standout feature of ILBiT is its high-frequency operation at 100 Hz, which significantly improves the system's adaptability and response to varying environments and objects of different hardness levels. The effectiveness of the Transformer-based ILBiT method can be seen through comprehensive real-world experiments.

In recent years, the diagnosis of gliomas has become increasingly complex. Analysis of glioma histopathology images using artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to support diagnosis and outcome prediction. To give an overview of the current state of research, this review examines 70 publicly available research studies that have proposed AI-based methods for whole-slide histopathology images of human gliomas, covering the diagnostic tasks of subtyping (16/70), grading (23/70), molecular marker prediction (13/70), and survival prediction (27/70). All studies were reviewed with regard to methodological aspects as well as clinical applicability. It was found that the focus of current research is the assessment of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections of adult-type diffuse gliomas. The majority of studies (49/70) are based on the publicly available glioblastoma and low-grade glioma datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and only a few studies employed other datasets in isolation (10/70) or in addition to the TCGA datasets (11/70). Current approaches mostly rely on convolutional neural networks (53/70) for analyzing tissue at 20x magnification (30/70). A new field of research is the integration of clinical data, omics data, or magnetic resonance imaging (27/70). So far, AI-based methods have achieved promising results, but are not yet used in real clinical settings. Future work should focus on the independent validation of methods on larger, multi-site datasets with high-quality and up-to-date clinical and molecular pathology annotations to demonstrate routine applicability.