What are some underdeveloped areas in computer science research right now (2018)? Over the past few decades, computer science research, either in industry or academia, has led to ground breaking technology innovations such as the internet, which continues to change our lives. In the post-Moore's Law era, advances in cloud computing affected so many sub-areas of computer science like operating systems and database systems. Furthermore, solid state drives (SSDs) changed the way we design storage systems, which were previously tailored for the mechanical hard drive (HDD). Recently, quantum computing promises lightning-speed calculations as opposed to classic electronics-based computers.

Machine learning approaches have been effective in predicting adverse outcomes in different clinical settings. These models are often developed and evaluated on datasets with heterogeneous patient populations. However, good predictive performance on the aggregate population does not imply good performance for specific groups. In this work, we present a two-step framework to 1) learn relevant patient subgroups, and 2) predict an outcome for separate patient populations in a multi-task framework, where each population is a separate task. We demonstrate how to discover relevant groups in an unsupervised way with a sequence-to-sequence autoencoder. We show that using these groups in a multi-task framework leads to better predictive performance of in-hospital mortality both across groups and overall. We also highlight the need for more granular evaluation of performance when dealing with heterogeneous populations.

In the past, scientific researchers who strove to innovate have had to either learn the discipline of writing code or rely on computer or data scientists for complex model development and the integration of the models that were developed. The ioModel Research Platform challenges this traditional approach by putting the power of machine learning directly into the hands of subject matter experts, unlocking the potential for more rapid innovation at a significantly reduced cost with higher reliability. The ioModel Research Platform is developed entirely using open source technology and is itself available (without support or warranty) under the GPL License on GitHub. We invite the scientific community to collaborate with us on the roadmap, development, and governance of the Platform. We're committed to working openly and transparently to drive forward scientific research and innovation. The software as it exists today (approaching a 1.0 release), supports the ingestion of CSV files into data frames, statistical exploration of the data, transformation of the data, and the training and evaluation of predictor and classifier models – all without writing any code.

This article is a comprehensive overview of Topic Modeling and its associated techniques. In natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, there is a hierarchy of lenses through which we can extract meaning -- from words to sentences to paragraphs to documents. At the document level, one of the most useful ways to understand text is by analyzing its topics. The process of learning, recognizing, and extracting these topics across a collection of documents is called topic modeling. In this post, we will explore topic modeling through 4 of the most popular techniques today: LSA, pLSA, LDA, and the newer, deep learning-based lda2vec.

During the 60s and 70s, AI researchers explored intuitions about intelligence by writing programs that displayed intelligent behavior. Many good ideas came out from this work but programs written by hand were not robust or general. After the 80s, research increasingly shifted to the development of learners capable of inferring behavior and functions from experience and data, and solvers capable of tackling well-defined but intractable models like SAT, classical planning, Bayesian networks, and POMDPs. The learning approach has achieved considerable success but results in black boxes that do not have the flexibility, transparency, and generality of their model-based counterparts. Model-based approaches, on the other hand, require models and scalable algorithms. Model-free learners and model-based solvers have close parallels with Systems 1 and 2 in current theories of the human mind: the first, a fast, opaque, and inflexible intuitive mind; the second, a slow, transparent, and flexible analytical mind. In this paper, I review developments in AI and draw on these theories to discuss the gap between model-free learners and model-based solvers, a gap that needs to be bridged in order to have intelligent systems that are robust and general.

The wide usage of Machine Learning (ML) has lead to research on the attack vectors and vulnerability of these systems. The defenses in this area are however still an open problem, and often lead to an arms race. We define a naive, secure classifier at test time and show that a Gaussian Process (GP) is an instance of this classifier given two assumptions: one concerns the distances in the training data, the other rejection at test time. Using these assumptions, we are able to show that a classifier is either secure, or generalizes and thus learns. Our analysis also points towards another factor influencing robustness, the curvature of the classifier. This connection is not unknown for linear models, but GP offer an ideal framework to study this relationship for nonlinear classifiers. We evaluate on five security and two computer vision datasets applying test and training time attacks and membership inference. We show that we only change which attacks are needed to succeed, instead of alleviating the threat. Only for membership inference, there is a setting in which attacks are unsuccessful (<10% increase in accuracy over random guess). Given these results, we define a classification scheme based on voting, ParGP. This allows us to decide how many points vote and how large the agreement on a class has to be. This ensures a classification output only in cases when there is evidence for a decision, where evidence is parametrized. We evaluate this scheme and obtain promising results.

Three core components of the recruitment cycle that can be completely transformed by AI, and how employers can harness this change wave – we unravel the possibilities and the emerging trends. Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a buzz-word across industries, sectors, and business verticals across the board. Human Resource is also witnessing the all-encompassing impact of this game-changing technology. In this context, recruiting is particularly looked at as space which stands to be transformed. AI for recruiting is now considered as the next generation in smarter, efficient, and hassle-free hiring cycles.

In this presentation, Erin LeDell (Chief Machine Learning Scientist, H2O.ai), will provide an overview of the field of "Automatic Machine Learning" and introduce the new AutoML functionality in H2O. H2O's AutoML provides an easy-to-use interface which automates the process of training a large, comprehensive selection of candidate models and a stacked ensemble model which, in most cases, will be the top performing model in the AutoML Leaderboard. Erin will also provide simple code examples to get you started using AutoML.

Reinforcement Learning - over the last decade we have seen a lot of progress in use of reinforcement learning algorithms in settings when labeled data doesn't exist and a supverisde learning approach is not possible. The state of the art approach to tackling RL problems are Policy Gradients, which in combination with Monte Carlo Tree Search were employed by Google DeepMind's AlphaGo system to famously beat the Go world champion Lee Sedol. The readers will love our list because it is Data-Driven & Objective. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3e offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date introduction to the theory and practice of artificial intelligence. Number one in its field, this textbook is ideal for one or two-semester, undergraduate or graduate-level courses in Artificial Intelligence. Dr. Peter Norvig, contributing Artificial Intelligence author and Professor Sebastian Thrun, a Pearson author are offering a free online course at Stanford University on artificial intelligence.

This Ph.D. thesis deals with the optimization of several renewable energy resources development as well as the improvement of facilities management in oceanic engineering and airports, using computational hybrid methods belonging to AI to this end. Energy is essential to our society in order to ensure a good quality of life. This means that predictions over the characteristics on which renewable energies depend are necessary, in order to know the amount of energy that will be obtained at any time. The second topic tackled in this thesis is related to the basic parameters that influence in different marine activities and airports, whose knowledge is necessary to develop a proper facilities management in these environments. Within this work, a study of the state-of-the-art Machine Learning have been performed to solve the problems associated with the topics above-mentioned, and several contributions have been proposed: One of the pillars of this work is focused on the estimation of the most important parameters in the exploitation of renewable resources. The second contribution of this thesis is related to feature selection problems. The proposed methodologies are applied to multiple problems: the prediction of $H_s$, relevant for marine energy applications and marine activities, the estimation of WPREs, undesirable variations in the electric power produced by a wind farm, the prediction of global solar radiation in areas from Spain and Australia, really important in terms of solar energy, and the prediction of low-visibility events at airports. All of these practical issues are developed with the consequent previous data analysis, normally, in terms of meteorological variables.