"I'm using artificial intelligence techniques to predict the size of hailstorms," explained Gagne. Working with computer-simulated storms, he created software that is trained to determine which storms produce hail and then to recognize patterns associated with the storms behind the largest hailstones. "The shape of storms is really important." His latest work is published in Monthly Weather Review. Gagne's novel approach started with his PhD dissertation between 2014 and 2015.

It is no secret that algorithms today can generate very realistic deepfakes – images or videos that are totally fake but very hard to distinguish from the real ones. You can make Mark Zuckerberg talking about "one man with total control of billions of people stolen data" and the suspicion will come only because Mark is not likely to say these exact words while the video itself looks very realistic. So, let's see what are some of the state-of-the-art approaches to video generation. If these summaries of scientific AI research papers are useful for you, you can subscribe to our AI Research mailing list at the bottom of this article to be alerted when we release new summaries. If you'd like to skip around, here are the papers we featured: We study the problem of video-to-video synthesis, whose goal is to learn a mapping function from an input source video (e.g., a sequence of semantic segmentation masks) to an output photorealistic video that precisely depicts the content of the source video. While its image counterpart, the image-to-image synthesis problem, is a popular topic, the video-to-video synthesis problem is less explored in the literature.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Detection of breast cancer, while it is still small and confined to the breast, provides the best chance of effective treatment. Computer Aided Detection (CAD) systems that detect cancer from mammograms will help in reducing the human errors that lead to missing breast carcinoma. Literature is rich of scientific papers for methods of CAD design, yet with no complete system architecture to deploy those methods. On the other hand, commercial CADs are developed and deployed only to vendors' mammography machines with no availability to public access. This paper presents a complete CAD; it is complete since it combines, on a hand, the rigor of algorithm design and assessment (method), and, on the other hand, the implementation and deployment of a system architecture for public accessibility (system). (1) We develop a novel algorithm for image enhancement so that mammograms acquired from any digital mammography machine look qualitatively of the same clarity to radiologists' inspection; and is quantitatively standardized for the detection algorithms. (2) We develop novel algorithms for masses and microcalcifications detection with accuracy superior to both literature results and the majority of approved commercial systems. (3) We design, implement, and deploy a system architecture that is computationally effective to allow for deploying these algorithms to cloud for public access.

Urban spatial-temporal flows prediction is of great importance to traffic management, land use, public safety, etc. Urban flows are affected by several complex and dynamic factors, such as patterns of human activities, weather, events and holidays. Datasets evaluated the flows come from various sources in different domains, e.g. mobile phone data, taxi trajectories data, metro/bus swiping data, bike-sharing data and so on. To summarize these methodologies of urban flows prediction, in this paper, we first introduce four main factors affecting urban flows. Second, in order to further analysis urban flows, a preparation process of multi-sources spatial-temporal data related with urban flows is partitioned into three groups. Third, we choose the spatial-temporal dynamic data as a case study for the urban flows prediction task. Fourth, we analyze and compare some well-known and state-of-the-art flows prediction methods in detail, classifying them into five categories: statistics-based, traditional machine learning-based, deep learning-based, reinforcement learning-based and transfer learning-based methods. Finally, we give open challenges of urban flows prediction and an outlook in the future of this field. This paper will facilitate researchers find suitable methods and open datasets for addressing urban spatial-temporal flows forecast problems.

Semi-supervised learning is a setting in which one has labeled and unlabeled data available. In this survey we explore different types of theoretical results when one uses unlabeled data in classification and regression tasks. Most methods that use unlabeled data rely on certain assumptions about the data distribution. When those assumptions are not met in reality, including unlabeled data may actually decrease performance. Studying such methods, it therefore is particularly important to have an understanding of the underlying theory. In this review we gather results about the possible gains one can achieve when using semi-supervised learning as well as results about the limits of such methods. More precisely, this review collects the answers to the following questions: What are, in terms of improving supervised methods, the limits of semi-supervised learning? What are the assumptions of different methods? What can we achieve if the assumptions are true? Finally, we also discuss the biggest bottleneck of semi-supervised learning, namely the assumptions they make.

Posts in this series (so far). My apologies for incomplete references--this should merely serve as an overview. Acceleration in smooth convex optimization has been met with awe and has been subject to extensive research over the last years. In a nutshell, what acceleration does is that it provides an "unexpected" speedup in smooth convex optimization; we will be concerned with acceleration in the Nesterov sense [N1], [N2]. Then with standard arguments that we review below we can show that we need roughly $t(\varepsilon) \Theta(\frac{\mu}{L} \log \frac{1}{ \varepsilon})$ iterations (of e.g., gradient descent) to achieve a primal gap Accelerated methods achieve the same accuracy in $\Theta(\sqrt{\frac{\mu}{L}} \log \frac{1}{ \varepsilon})$ iterations, which can be a huge improvement in running time.

Normalizing Flows are generative models which produce tractable distributions where both sampling and density evaluation can be efficient and exact. The goal of this survey article is to give a coherent and comprehensive review of the literature around the construction and use of Normalizing Flows for distribution learning. We aim to provide context and explanation of the models, review current state-of-the-art literature, and identify open questions and promising future directions.

Language identification ("LI") is the problem of determining the natural language that a document or part thereof is written in. Automatic LI has been extensively researched for over fifty years. Today, LI is a key part of many text processing pipelines, as text processing techniques generally assume that the language of the input text is known. Research in this area has recently been especially active. This article provides a brief history of LI research, and an extensive survey of the features and methods used in the LI literature. We describe the features and methods using a unified notation, to make the relationships between methods clearer. We discuss evaluation methods, applications of LI, as well as off-the-shelf LI systems that do not require training by the end user. Finally, we identify open issues, survey the work to date on each issue, and propose future directions for research in LI.

Probabilistic Graphical Modeling and Variational Inference play an important role in recent advances in Deep Reinforcement Learning. Aiming at a self-consistent tutorial survey, this article illustrates basic concepts of reinforcement learning with Probabilistic Graphical Models, as well as derivation of some basic formula as a recap. Reviews and comparisons on recent advances in deep reinforcement learning with different research directions are made from various aspects. We offer Probabilistic Graphical Models, detailed explanation and derivation to several use cases of Variational Inference, which serve as a complementary material on top of the original contributions.

The average person spends around 3 hours a day on social media. Now, the impact of social media can be seen both on the personal life and work processes. The HBR study found that over the past two decades, the time spent by employees in collaborative activities has raised at least by 50%. Inner-communication is now becoming a highly important thing in enterprise companies. How much time do you think an average enterprise worker spends on emails, calls, and meetings?