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Conditional independence by typing

arXiv.org Machine Learning

A central goal of probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) is to separate modelling from inference. However, this goal is hard to achieve in practice. Users are often forced to re-write their models in order to improve efficiency of inference or meet restrictions imposed by the PPL. Conditional independence (CI) relationships among parameters are a crucial aspect of probabilistic models that captures a qualitative summary of the specified model and can facilitate more efficient inference. We present an information flow type system for probabilistic programming that captures conditional independence (CI) relationships, and show that, for a well-typed program in our system, the distribution it implements is guaranteed to have certain CI-relationships. Further, by using type inference, we can statically \emph{deduce} which CI-properties are present in a specified model. As a practical application, we consider the problem of how to perform inference on models with mixed discrete and continuous parameters. Inference on such models is challenging in many existing PPLs, but can be improved through a workaround, where the discrete parameters are used \textit{implicitly}, at the expense of manual model re-writing. We present a source-to-source semantics-preserving transformation, which uses our CI-type system to automate this workaround by eliminating the discrete parameters from a probabilistic program. The resulting program can be seen as a hybrid inference algorithm on the original program, where continuous parameters can be drawn using efficient gradient-based inference methods, while the discrete parameters are drawn using variable elimination. We implement our CI-type system and its example application in SlicStan: a compositional variant of Stan.


Accelerating Reinforcement Learning with Learned Skill Priors

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Intelligent agents rely heavily on prior experience when learning a new task, yet most modern reinforcement learning (RL) approaches learn every task from scratch. One approach for leveraging prior knowledge is to transfer skills learned on prior tasks to the new task. However, as the amount of prior experience increases, the number of transferable skills grows too, making it challenging to explore the full set of available skills during downstream learning. Yet, intuitively, not all skills should be explored with equal probability; for example information about the current state can hint which skills are promising to explore. In this work, we propose to implement this intuition by learning a prior over skills. We propose a deep latent variable model that jointly learns an embedding space of skills and the skill prior from offline agent experience. We then extend common maximum-entropy RL approaches to use skill priors to guide downstream learning. We validate our approach, SPiRL (Skill-Prior RL), on complex navigation and robotic manipulation tasks and show that learned skill priors are essential for effective skill transfer from rich datasets. Videos and code are available at https://clvrai.com/spirl.


Data-driven oncology: machine learning and RayIntelligence โ€“ Physics World

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Want to take part in this webinar? Fredrik Lรถfman, head of machine learning at RaySearch Laboratories in Stockholm, discusses machine learning and provides an introduction to RaySearch's latest innovation, RayIntelligence, an oncology analytics system. He has a MSc in engineering physics from Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, and Imperial College, London, UK, and a PhD in applied mathematics from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. Since 2017, Fredrik has established a machine-learning department at RaySearch focusing on data-driven oncology and machine-learning applications to automate and support the process of improving future cancer treatments. The department is responsible for prototype development, research projects and product development of machine-learning applications and analytics software in oncology.


10 Best Entry Level Machine Learning Tutorials

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The field of machine learning is becoming easier and easier to enter thanks to readily available tools, a wide range of open source datasets, and a community open to sharing ideas and giving advice. Almost everything you need to get started is online; it's just a matter of finding it. To help entry-level enthusiasts get their head around different ML systems and how to implement them, I've put together some of my favorite machine learning tutorials. All of the following articles provide a brief introduction to the systems being covered, talk you through the cleaning, testing, and implementation process, and also provide links to datasets and Gitub repositories so you can follow the same steps on your own. This detailed guide explores transformer architecture by creating a translator that takes an English sentence and translates it to German. It covers data preprocessing, model training, and wraps things up by looking at the results and what could be done to improve the system.


Master Linear Algebra for Data Science & Machine Learning DL

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Then, this course is for you. The Common mistake by a data scientist is Applying the tools without the intuition of how it works and behaves. Having the solid foundation of mathematics will help you to understand how each algorithm work, its limitations and its underlying assumptions. With this, you will have an edge over your peers and makes you more confident in all the applications of Machine Learning, Data Science, and Deep Learning. As a common saying: It always pays to know the machinery under the hood, rather than being a guy who is just behind the wheel with no knowledge about the car.


Radius Neighbors Classifier Algorithm With Python

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Radius Neighbors Classifier is a classification machine learning algorithm. It is an extension to the k-nearest neighbors algorithm that makes predictions using all examples in the radius of a new example rather than the k-closest neighbors. As such, the radius-based approach to selecting neighbors is more appropriate for sparse data, preventing examples that are far away in the feature space from contributing to a prediction. In this tutorial, you will discover the Radius Neighbors Classifier classification machine learning algorithm. Radius Neighbors Classifier Algorithm With Python Photo by J. Triepke, some rights reserved. Radius Neighbors is a classification machine learning algorithm.


How coding is important for student in the era of Artificial Intelligence

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From morning to night we are surrounded by computers and can't imagine ourselves without it. Online games and puzzles have replaced our old board games and OTTS has changed our entertainment consuming habits. Pandemic has changed a lot of existing jobs and creates a lot of new jobs that we have never thought will ever exist. The coming age is going to be completely dynamic and our current curriculum was not enough to prepare our students for the coming market. The National Education Policy (NEP), has introduced Coding at a young age to enhance the exposure to technology and create a path to a new world of innovation and creativity.


8 Upcoming Webinars On Artificial Intelligence To Look Forward To

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With the continuation of COVID disruption, businesses are still relying on webinars to carry out their marketing strategies. Although the concept of webinars has always been there, the pandemic has provided great importance to it while engaging audiences in the comforts of their home. Not only these webinars are a shorter form of conferences, saving an ample amount of time, but also turns out to be extremely convenient for attendees to get their hands-on industry insights, latest tools and technologies. Further to this, webinars have also proven to be a great learning resource for many enthusiasts as well as professionals. Alongside, with artificial intelligence gaining its massive momentum amid COVID, the number of webinars on AI is also rapidly increasing. About: Organised by Analytics India Magazine, in association with ISIMA, this webinar will cover the three generations of data architecture and what lies ahead.


How to Become a Software Engineer at Google: Perseverance, Projects, AI

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Nearly a decade ago, back in 2011, when I had just completed the 4th semester of my Computer Science & Engineering Degree course, I found that even though I had fared well in all my exams, my practical knowledge in this field was (in the words of Lord Kelvin -- the famous mathematical physicist)"of a meager and unsatisfactory kind". This was due to the fact that, aside from a handful of really great courses, the majority of my coursework relied on rote-learning and the competitive pursuit of grades instead of practical knowledge. I had joined the field of Computer Science to satisfy my childhood dream of working with computers, but I found I was still far from my dream of understanding and creating software with my computer. In this dismal state, I spent the beginning of my semester-break searching for a motivation in the online universe. After Googling for a short while, I stumbled upon Mehran Sahami's CS106A video lectures on Stanford's Youtube channel, and thus began my tryst with online education.


TensorFlow - Hands-on Machine Learning with TensorFlow

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Created by The Click Reader Preview this Udemy Course - GET COUPON CODE Learn how to build Machine Learning projects in this TensorFlow Course created by The Click Reader. In this course, you will be learning about Scalar as well as Tensors and how to create them using TensorFlow. You will also be learning how to perform various kinds of Tensor operations for manipulating and changing tensor values. You will be performing a total of three Machine Learning projects while learning through this TensorFlow full course: 1. Linear Regression from Scratch You will be learning how to create a Linear Regression model from scratch using TensorFlow. You will be preparing the data, building the model architecture as well as training the model using a custom-made loss function as well as an optimizer.