Instructional Material
Python Machine Learning Mini-Course
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Vision-Language Pre-training: Basics, Recent Advances, and Future Trends
Gan, Zhe, Li, Linjie, Li, Chunyuan, Wang, Lijuan, Liu, Zicheng, Gao, Jianfeng
This paper surveys vision-language pre-training (VLP) methods for multimodal intelligence that have been developed in the last few years. We group these approaches into three categories: ($i$) VLP for image-text tasks, such as image captioning, image-text retrieval, visual question answering, and visual grounding; ($ii$) VLP for core computer vision tasks, such as (open-set) image classification, object detection, and segmentation; and ($iii$) VLP for video-text tasks, such as video captioning, video-text retrieval, and video question answering. For each category, we present a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods, and discuss the progress that has been made and challenges still being faced, using specific systems and models as case studies. In addition, for each category, we discuss advanced topics being actively explored in the research community, such as big foundation models, unified modeling, in-context few-shot learning, knowledge, robustness, and computer vision in the wild, to name a few.
Deep Learning-Enabled Semantic Communication Systems with Task-Unaware Transmitter and Dynamic Data
Zhang, Hongwei, Shao, Shuo, Tao, Meixia, Bi, Xiaoyan, Letaief, Khaled B.
Existing deep learning-enabled semantic communication systems often rely on shared background knowledge between the transmitter and receiver that includes empirical data and their associated semantic information. In practice, the semantic information is defined by the pragmatic task of the receiver and cannot be known to the transmitter. The actual observable data at the transmitter can also have non-identical distribution with the empirical data in the shared background knowledge library. To address these practical issues, this paper proposes a new neural network-based semantic communication system for image transmission, where the task is unaware at the transmitter and the data environment is dynamic. The system consists of two main parts, namely the semantic coding (SC) network and the data adaptation (DA) network. The SC network learns how to extract and transmit the semantic information using a receiver-leading training process. By using the domain adaptation technique from transfer learning, the DA network learns how to convert the data observed into a similar form of the empirical data that the SC network can process without retraining. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method can be adaptive to observable datasets while keeping high performance in terms of both data recovery and task execution.
Flipped Classroom: Effective Teaching for Time Series Forecasting
Teutsch, Philipp, Mäder, Patrick
Sequence-to-sequence models based on LSTM and GRU are a most popular choice for forecasting time series data reaching state-of-the-art performance. Training such models can be delicate though. The two most common training strategies within this context are teacher forcing (TF) and free running (FR). TF can be used to help the model to converge faster but may provoke an exposure bias issue due to a discrepancy between training and inference phase. FR helps to avoid this but does not necessarily lead to better results, since it tends to make the training slow and unstable instead. Scheduled sampling was the first approach tackling these issues by picking the best from both worlds and combining it into a curriculum learning (CL) strategy. Although scheduled sampling seems to be a convincing alternative to FR and TF, we found that, even if parametrized carefully, scheduled sampling may lead to premature termination of the training when applied for time series forecasting. To mitigate the problems of the above approaches we formalize CL strategies along the training as well as the training iteration scale. We propose several new curricula, and systematically evaluate their performance in two experimental sets. For our experiments, we utilize six datasets generated from prominent chaotic systems. We found that the newly proposed increasing training scale curricula with a probabilistic iteration scale curriculum consistently outperforms previous training strategies yielding an NRMSE improvement of up to 81% over FR or TF training. For some datasets we additionally observe a reduced number of training iterations. We observed that all models trained with the new curricula yield higher prediction stability allowing for longer prediction horizons.
A Framework for Undergraduate Data Collection Strategies for Student Support Recommendation Systems in Higher Education
Combrink, Herkulaas MvE, Marivate, Vukosi, Rosman, Benjamin
Understanding which student support strategies mitigate dropout and improve student retention is an important part of modern higher educational research. One of the largest challenges institutions of higher learning currently face is the scalability of student support. Part of this is due to the shortage of staff addressing the needs of students, and the subsequent referral pathways associated to provide timeous student support strategies. This is further complicated by the difficulty of these referrals, especially as students are often faced with a combination of administrative, academic, social, and socio-economic challenges. A possible solution to this problem can be a combination of student outcome predictions and applying algorithmic recommender systems within the context of higher education. While much effort and detail has gone into the expansion of explaining algorithmic decision making in this context, there is still a need to develop data collection strategies Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to outline a data collection framework specific to recommender systems within this context in order to reduce collection biases, understand student characteristics, and find an ideal way to infer optimal influences on the student journey. If confirmation biases, challenges in data sparsity and the type of information to collect from students are not addressed, it will have detrimental effects on attempts to assess and evaluate the effects of these systems within higher education.
[1000%OFF] Machine Learning- From Basics To Advanced
If you are looking to start your career in Machine learning then this is the course for you. This is a course designed in such a way that you will learn all the concepts of machine learning right from basic to advanced levels. For the code explained in each lecture, you can find a GitHub link in the resources section. I am Professional Trainer and consultant for Languages C, C, Python, Java, Scala, Big Data Technologies – PySpark, Spark using Scala Machine Learning & Deep Learning- sci-kit-learn, TensorFlow, TFLearn, Keras, h2o and delivered at corporates like GE, SCIO Health Analytics, Impetus, IBM Bangalore & Hyderabad, Redbus, Schnider, JP Morgan – Singapore & HongKong, CISCO, Flipkart, MindTree, DataGenic, CTS – Chennai, HappiestMinds, Mphasis, Hexaware, Kabbage. I have shared my knowledge that will guide you to understand the holistic approach towards ML.
Learn PyTorch for Deep Learning – Free 26-Hour Course
My comprehensive PyTorch course is now live on the freeCodeCamp.org The best way to learn is by doing. And that's just what we'll do in the Learn PyTorch for Deep Learning: Zero to Mastery course. If you're new to data science and machine learning, consider the course a momentum builder. By the end, you'll be comfortable navigating the PyTorch documentation, reading PyTorch code, writing PyTorch code, searching for things you don't understand and building your own machine learning projects.
Generalization Gap in Amortized Inference
Zhang, Mingtian, Hayes, Peter, Barber, David
The ability of likelihood-based probabilistic models to generalize to unseen data is central to many machine learning applications such as lossless compression. In this work, we study the generalization of a popular class of probabilistic model - the Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE). We discuss the two generalization gaps that affect VAEs and show that overfitting is usually dominated by amortized inference. Based on this observation, we propose a new training objective that improves the generalization of amortized inference. We demonstrate how our method can improve performance in the context of image modeling and lossless compression.
[100%OFF] IBM Watson Beginners Training For AI
When we include the unprecedented computing power offered by the cloud, it's clear we are living in an exciting era for building applications. When IBM Watson defeated the two Jeopardy champions back in 2011, it opened a new era in the practical application of Artificial Intelligence technology and contributed to the growing research and interest in this field. IBM Watson has evolved from being a game show winning question & answering computer system to a set of enterprise-grade artificial intelligence (AI) application program interfaces (API) available on IBM Cloud. These Watson APIs can ingest, understand & analyze all forms of data, allow for natural forms of interactions with people, learn, reason – all at a scale that allows for business processes and applications to be reimagined. This course is intended for business and technical users who want to learn more about the cognitive capabilities of IBM Watson Discovery service.