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Explanatory machine learning for sequential human teaching

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The topic of comprehensibility of machine-learned theories has recently drawn increasing attention. Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) uses logic programming to derive logic theories from small data based on abduction and induction techniques. Learned theories are represented in the form of rules as declarative descriptions of obtained knowledge. In earlier work, the authors provided the first evidence of a measurable increase in human comprehension based on machine-learned logic rules for simple classification tasks. In a later study, it was found that the presentation of machine-learned explanations to humans can produce both beneficial and harmful effects in the context of game learning. We continue our investigation of comprehensibility by examining the effects of the ordering of concept presentations on human comprehension. In this work, we examine the explanatory effects of curriculum order and the presence of machine-learned explanations for sequential problem-solving. We show that 1) there exist tasks A and B such that learning A before B has a better human comprehension with respect to learning B before A and 2) there exist tasks A and B such that the presence of explanations when learning A contributes to improved human comprehension when subsequently learning B. We propose a framework for the effects of sequential teaching on comprehension based on an existing definition of comprehensibility and provide evidence for support from data collected in human trials. Empirical results show that sequential teaching of concepts with increasing complexity a) has a beneficial effect on human comprehension and b) leads to human re-discovery of divide-and-conquer problem-solving strategies, and c) studying machine-learned explanations allows adaptations of human problem-solving strategy with better performance.


The Growing Need for Skills in Artificial Intelligence

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We are seeing Artificial Intelligence (AI) used in all areas of life and work. Because of the continued growth in and demand for skills in AI, we need to provide opportunities for all students to learn about and understand how AI works. Dave Touretzky, the founder of AI4K12 had stated: "It's important that children be given accurate information about AI so they can understand the technology that is reshaping our lives." Artificial intelligence is increasing in all areas of our world and a recent Forbes article shared five industries that are seeing increased benefits from artificial intelligence. There is a prediction that there will be 33 million self-driving cars on the road by 2040.


Learning Data Science: A Comprehensive Guide

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Data Science is a rapidly growing field, and it is easy to get lost in the plethora of information available. If you are a beginner in Data Science, the learning process can be overwhelming. In this post, we will provide you with a step-by-step guide to learn data science effectively. Python is one of the most widely used programming languages in the Data Science industry. Its popularity is due to its simplicity and flexibility. Learning Python is essential for a career in Data Science.


OpenAI API with Python Bootcamp: ChatGPT API, GPT-3, DALL·E - Coupons ME

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Become an expert and get hired. Welcome to the best resource for learning OpenAI API with Python and for integrating the latest OpenAI models into your applications. This OpenAI API with Python Bootcamp covers every model released by OpenAI that has an API, including GPT-3 (Davinci), ChatGPT (gpt-3.5-turbo), By the end of this course, you'll have in-depth knowledge and a vast hands-on experience with the OpenAI API and you'll be an expert able to make your Python applications intelligent. This is a brand new OpenAI API course that will be constantly updated (with GPT-4 included) to teach you the skills required for the future that comes.


Free Data Science Courses with Certificates online- Pickl.AI

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ML-101 is designed as an intuitive introduction to Machine Learning. The aim of this course is twofold, to build a strong foundation of core machine learning concepts and to allow learners to get hands-on experience of Exploratory Data Analysis and Feature Engineering, two techniques which are undoubtedly important precursors before one even begins to think about training a model. This uniquely designed course will equip the learners with the necessary knowledge before they begin their data science journey.



Real-Time Evaluation in Online Continual Learning: A New Hope

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Current evaluations of Continual Learning (CL) methods typically assume that there is no constraint on training time and computation. This is an unrealistic assumption for any real-world setting, which motivates us to propose: a practical real-time evaluation of continual learning, in which the stream does not wait for the model to complete training before revealing the next data for predictions. To do this, we evaluate current CL methods with respect to their computational costs. We conduct extensive experiments on CLOC, a large-scale dataset containing 39 million time-stamped images with geolocation labels. We show that a simple baseline outperforms state-of-the-art CL methods under this evaluation, questioning the applicability of existing methods in realistic settings. In addition, we explore various CL components commonly used in the literature, including memory sampling strategies and regularization approaches. We find that all considered methods fail to be competitive against our simple baseline. This surprisingly suggests that the majority of existing CL literature is tailored to a specific class of streams that is not practical. We hope that the evaluation we provide will be the first step towards a paradigm shift to consider the computational cost in the development of online continual learning methods.


'Team-in-the-loop' organisational oversight of high-stakes AI

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Oversight is rightly recognised as vital within high-stakes public sector AI applications, where decisions can have profound individual and collective impacts. Much current thinking regarding forms of oversight mechanisms for AI within the public sector revolves around the idea of human decision makers being 'in-the-loop' and thus being able to intervene to prevent errors and potential harm. However, in a number of high-stakes public sector contexts, operational oversight of decisions is made by expert teams rather than individuals. The ways in which deployed AI systems can be integrated into these existing operational team oversight processes has yet to attract much attention. We address this gap by exploring the impacts of AI upon pre-existing oversight of clinical decision-making through institutional analysis. We find that existing oversight is nested within professional training requirements and relies heavily upon explanation and questioning to elicit vital information. Professional bodies and liability mechanisms also act as additional levers of oversight. These dimensions of oversight are impacted, and potentially reconfigured, by AI systems. We therefore suggest a broader lens of 'team-in-the-loop' to conceptualise the system-level analysis required for adoption of AI within high-stakes public sector deployment.


Top 15 YouTube Channels to Level Up Your Machine Learning Skills - KDnuggets

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Machine Learning is a rapidly growing field with immense potential to revolutionize various industries. Learning machine learning can be complicated, and we often need help figuring out where to start. With the increasing availability of free resources, we end up spending a lot of time figuring out the best resources to hone our skills. With this in mind, we have compiled a list of the top 15 machine-learning channels that offers valuable insights, tips, and tutorials. Whether you are a beginner looking to gain a solid understanding of the foundations or an expert seeking to deepen your knowledge and stay up to date with the latest trends, these channels will offer a wealth of information from some of the top minds and biggest brands in the community.


Become an AWS SageMaker Machine Learning Engineer in 30 Days - Development

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Section 4 (Days 11 – 18): we will learn: (1) machine learning regression fundamentals including simple/multiple linear regression and least sum of squares, (2) build our first simple linear regression model in Scikit-Learn, (3) list all available built-in algorithms in SageMaker, (4) build, train, test and deploy a machine learning regression model using SageMaker Linear Learner algorithm, (5) list machine learning regression algorithms KPIs such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), and adjusted R2, (6) Launch a training job using the AWS Management Console and deploy an endpoint without writing any code, (7) cover the theory and intuition behind XG-Boost algorithm and how to use it to solve regression type problems in Scikit-Learn and using SageMaker Built-in algorithms, (8) learn how to train an XG-boost algorithm in SageMaker using AWS JumpStart, assess trained ...