Small base stations (SBs) of fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks are envisioned to have storage devices to locally serve requests for reusable and popular contents by \emph{caching} them at the edge of the network, close to the end users. The ultimate goal is to shift part of the predictable load on the back-haul links, from on-peak to off-peak periods, contributing to a better overall network performance and service experience. To enable the SBs with efficient \textit{fetch-cache} decision-making schemes operating in dynamic settings, this paper introduces simple but flexible generic time-varying fetching and caching costs, which are then used to formulate a constrained minimization of the aggregate cost across files and time. Since caching decisions per time slot influence the content availability in future slots, the novel formulation for optimal fetch-cache decisions falls into the class of dynamic programming. Under this generic formulation, first by considering stationary distributions for the costs and file popularities, an efficient reinforcement learning-based solver known as value iteration algorithm can be used to solve the emerging optimization problem. Later, it is shown that practical limitations on cache capacity can be handled using a particular instance of the generic dynamic pricing formulation. Under this setting, to provide a light-weight online solver for the corresponding optimization, the well-known reinforcement learning algorithm, $Q$-learning, is employed to find optimal fetch-cache decisions. Numerical tests corroborating the merits of the proposed approach wrap up the paper.

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Demand for specialized business programs in new technologies has been increasing all over the world, especially in cryptocurrencies and the blockchain technology behind them. Rebecca Guy, an associate at Scotiabank Global Capital Markets, went back to school to learn a second language. But she's not trying to become fluent in French, Italian or Mandarin. Last September, the 24-year-old started the master of management in artificial intelligence (MMAI) program at Smith School of Business in Kingston to help her become as savvy in new technologies as in business. "I found the program because one day I found myself becoming so frustrated working on a project with a team because I felt like I only understood half of the puzzle," recalls Ms. Guy.

At Amazon Web Services (AWS), we are continually innovating with new services and solutions. That's why we're excited to announce several new offerings from AWS Training and Certification to help customers and AWS Partner Network (APN) Partners build new cloud skills and learn about the latest AWS services. Dive deep into the same ML curriculum we use to train Amazon's developers and data scientists. Choose from four role-based learning paths, with more than 30 digital ML courses and hands-on labs totaling 45 hours of training. Take our new AWS Certified Machine Learning – Specialty beta exam.

An equivalent approach might be to use a smaller subset of the training dataset without regularization to allow faster training and some overfitting. The desire for slightly under-optimized models applies to the selection of ensemble members more generally.

There has been much recent, exciting work on combining the complementary strengths of latent variable models and deep learning. Latent variable modeling makes it easy to explicitly specify model constraints through conditional independence properties, while deep learning makes it possible to parameterize these conditional likelihoods with powerful function approximators. While these "deep latent variable" models provide a rich, flexible framework for modeling many real-world phenomena, difficulties exist: deep parameterizations of conditional likelihoods usually make posterior inference intractable, and latent variable objectives often complicate backpropagation by introducing points of non-differentiability. This tutorial explores these issues in depth through the lens of variational inference.

The effectiveness of learning in massive open online courses (MOOCs) can be significantly enhanced by introducing personalized intervention schemes which rely on building predictive models of student learning behaviors such as some engagement or performance indicators. A major challenge that has to be addressed when building such models is to design handcrafted features that are effective for the prediction task at hand. In this paper, we make the first attempt to solve the feature learning problem by taking the unsupervised learning approach to learn a compact representation of the raw features with a large degree of redundancy. Specifically, in order to capture the underlying learning patterns in the content domain and the temporal nature of the clickstream data, we train a modified auto-encoder (AE) combined with the long short-term memory (LSTM) network to obtain a fixed-length embedding for each input sequence. When compared with the original features, the new features that correspond to the embedding obtained by the modified LSTM-AE are not only more parsimonious but also more discriminative for our prediction task. Using simple supervised learning models, the learned features can improve the prediction accuracy by up to 17% compared with the supervised neural networks and reduce overfitting to the dominant low-performing group of students, specifically in the task of predicting students' performance. Our approach is generic in the sense that it is not restricted to a specific supervised learning model nor a specific prediction task for MOOC learning analytics.

In a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), predictive models of student behavior can support multiple aspects of learning, including instructor feedback and timely intervention. Ongoing courses, when the student outcomes are yet unknown, must rely on models trained from the historical data of previously offered courses. It is possible to transfer models, but they often have poor prediction performance. One reason is features that inadequately represent predictive attributes common to both courses. We present an automated transductive transfer learning approach that addresses this issue. It relies on problem-agnostic, temporal organization of the MOOC clickstream data, where, for each student, for multiple courses, a set of specific MOOC event types is expressed for each time unit. It consists of two alternative transfer methods based on representation learning with auto-encoders: a passive approach using transductive principal component analysis and an active approach that uses a correlation alignment loss term. With these methods, we investigate the transferability of dropout prediction across similar and dissimilar MOOCs and compare with known methods. Results show improved model transferability and suggest that the methods are capable of automatically learning a feature representation that expresses common predictive characteristics of MOOCs.

Continual learning is the ability of agents to improve their capacities throughout multiple tasks continually. While recent works in the literature of continual learning mostly focused on developing either particular loss functions or specialized structures of neural network explaining the episodic memory or neural plasticity, we study continual learning from the perspective of the training mechanism. Specifically, we propose a COnitnual Match BAsed Training (COMBAT) framework for training a population of advantage-actor-critic (A2C) agents in Pommerman, a partially observable multi-agent environment with no communication. Following the COMBAT framework, we trained an agent, namely, Navocado, that won the title of the top 1 learning agent in the NeurIPS 2018 Pommerman Competition. Two critical features of our agent are worth mentioning. Firstly, our agent did not learn from any demonstrations. Secondly, our agent is highly reproducible. As a technical report, we articulate the design of state space, action space, reward, and most importantly, the COMBAT framework for our Pommerman agent. We show in the experiments that Pommerman is a perfect environment for studying continual learning, and the agent can improve its performance by continually learning new skills without forgetting the old ones. Finally, the result in the Pommerman Competition verifies the robustness of our agent when competing with various opponents.

We've heard from customers that scaling TensorFlow training jobs to multiple nodes and GPUs successfully is hard. TensorFlow has distributed training built-in, but it can be difficult to use. Recently, we made optimizations to TensorFlow and Horovod to help AWS customers scale TensorFlow training jobs to multiple nodes and GPUs. With these improvements, any AWS customer can use an AWS Deep Learning AMI to train ResNet-50 on ImageNet in just under 15 minutes. To achieve this, 32 Amazon EC2 instances, each with 8 GPUs, a total 256 GPUs, were harnessed with TensorFlow. All of the required software and tools for this solution ship with the latest Deep Learning AMIs (DLAMIs), so you can try it out yourself. You can train faster, implement your models faster, and get results faster than ever before. This blog post describes our results and shows you how to try out this easier and faster way to run distributed training with TensorFlow. Figure A. ResNet-50 ImageNet model training with the latest optimized TensorFlow with Horovod on a Deep Learning AMI takes 15 minutes on 256 GPUs.