CACM, 5, 394–397

MH-1 is a motorized and sensitized servomanipulator operated by the TX-O computer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It serves as an experimental vehicle to explore the feasibility of direct relations between a digital computer and the physical world with which this computer is concerned. Usually, a human interpreter stands between the computer and the physical world. Instead, the TX-O computer in the MH-1 system is programmed to perform by itself some of the functions normally assigned to the human intermediary; namely, to perceive the world, to appreciate it, and to determine a reasonable course of action after a goal has been specified for the hand. The data processing tools used are, rather than numerical operations on quantitative signals, pattern recognition and simulation of higher cognitive processes such as awareness and understanding. This paper describes some of the experiments performed with MH-1 and the mechanisms upon which the capabilities of MH-1 are based.

Artificial intelligence project memo 30, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

This article is concerned with the psychology of human thinking. It setsforth a theory to explain how some humans try to solve some simpleformal problems. The research from which the theory emerged is intimatelyrelated to the field of information processing and the construction of intelligentautomata, and the theory is expressed in the form of a computerprogram. The rapid technical advances in the art of programming digitalcomputers to do sophisticated tasks have made such a theory feasible.It is often argued that a careful line must be drawn between the attemptto accomplish with machines the same tasks that humans perform, andthe attempt to simulate the processes humans actually use to accomplishthese tasks. The program discussed in the report, GPS (General ProblemSolver), maximally confuses the two approaches—with-mutual"!benefit. Lerende Automaten, Munich: Oldenberg KG

The investment process is a problem in decision-making under uncertainty. Our model, written as a computer program, simulates the proce- dures used in choosing investment policies for particular accounts, in evaluating the alternatives presented by the market, and in selecting the required portfolios. The analysis is based on the operations at a medium-sized national bank 1 and the decision-maker of our model is the trust imvestment officer. From A Simulation of Trust Investment, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961.

This listing is intended as an introduction to the literature on Artificial Intelligence, €”i.e., to the literature dealing with the problem of making machines behave intelligently. We have divided this area into categories and cross-indexed the references accordingly. Large bibliographies without some classification facility are next to useless. This particular field is still young, but there are already many instances in which workers have wasted much time in rediscovering (for better or for worse) schemes already reported. In the last year or two this problem has become worse, and in such a situation just about any information is better than none. This bibliography is intended to serve just that purpose-to present some information about this literature. The selection was confined mainly to publications directly concerned with construction of artificial problem-solving systems. Many peripheral areas are omitted completely or represented only by a few citations.IRE Trans. on Human Factors in Electronics, HFE-2, pages 39-55

The complete rules for coding in Information Processing Language-V (IPL-V), and the documentation of extensions incorporated since publication of the Information Processing Language-V Manual. A summary of extensions and the minor modifications to the language is contained in the final section. An index, a list of the basic IPL-V processes, and a full-scale copy of the coding sheet appear at the end of the Memorandum.See also: Google Books.Prentice·Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Man-computer symbiosis is an expected development in cooperative interaction between men and electronic computers. It will involve very close coupling between the human and the electronic members of the partnership. The main aims are 1) to let computers facilitate formulative thinking as they now facilitate the solution of formulated problems, and 2) to enable men and computers to cooperate in making decisions and controlling complex situations without inflexible dependence on predetermined programs. In the anticipated symbiotic partnership, men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations. Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking. Preliminary analyses indicate that the symbiotic partnership will perform intellectual operations much more effectively than man alone can perform them. Prerequisites for the achievement of the effective, cooperative association include developments in computer time sharing, in memory components, in memory organization, in programming languages, and in input and output equipment. IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, HFE-1, pp 4-11. See also: ACM Digital Library citation: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=612433.

Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, Vol 7, pp. 102-128

This work is partly included in a project sponsored by Statens tekniska forskningsråd (Sweden). Berg, and Mr Voghera for reading the manuscript and making valuable suggestions (see also n. 11). Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues.