In particular, I will explain how the complexity scheduling, planning, graph problems, among others. The landscape differs for traditional reasoning and for query most well-known constraint satisfaction problem is propositional answering, and take a brief look at computational complexity satisfiability SAT. Of particular recent interest is satisfiability issues raised by implementations of DL query answering modulo theories (SMT), where the interpretation based on standard relational database systems. Throughout of some symbols is constrained by a background theory. For the tutorial, connections to the W3C-standard OWL are example, the theory of arithmetic restricts the interpretation drawn whenever possible. of symbols such as:,, 0, and 1. SMT draws on the most prolific problems in the past century What If You Wanted Someone (Else) to Use This?

In the field of psychology, a considerable amount of knowledge is expressed using only natural language, which complicates accurate studies and comparisons. We believe that Answer Set Programming (ASP) can be used successfully for the formalization of psychological knowledge. To demonstrate the viability of ASP for this task, in this paper we develop an ASP-based formalization of the mechanics of Short-Term Memory, and show how it correctly reproduces the observed behavior of human subjects.

Ambient Intelligence environments consist of various devices that collect, process, change and share the available context information. The imperfect nature of context, the open and dynamic nature of ambient environments, and the special characteristics of the involved devices have introduced new research challenges in the field of KR. Previous work presented a solution based on an extension of multi-context systems through the use of defeasible reasoning to reason efficiently with conflicts. This paper reports on initial experiences gained from the deployment of contextual defeasible reasoning in real environments. We report on the architecture of an implementation on small devices, present the definition and implementation of two concrete application scenarios, and discuss the performance and issues of scalability of the approach.

We address the problem of repairing large-scale biological networks and corresponding yet often discrepant measurements in order to predict unobserved variations. To this end, we propose a range of different operations for altering experimental data and/or a biological network in order to re-establish their mutual consistency-an indispensable prerequisite for automated prediction. For accomplishing repair and prediction, we take advantage of the distinguished modeling and reasoning capacities of Answer Set Programming. We validate our framework by an empirical study on the widely investigated organism Escherichia coli.

This paper proves that validity and satisfiability of assertions in the Fuzzy Description Logic based on infinite-valued Product Logic with universal and existential quantifiers (which are non-interdefinable) is decidable when we only consider quasi-witnessed interpretations. We prove that this restriction is neither necessary for the validity problem (i.e., the validity of assertions in the Fuzzy Description Logic based on infinite-valued Product Logic is decidable) nor for the positive satisfiability problem, because quasi-witnessed interpretations are particularly adequate for the infinite-valued Product Logic. We give an algorithm that reduces the problem of validity (and satisfiability) of assertions in our Fuzzy Description Logic (restricted to quasi-witnessed interpretations) to a semantic consequence problem, with finite number of hypothesis, on infinite-valued propositional Product Logic.

We often deal with dynamic worlds where actions are executed by agents and events may happen. Example of such worlds range from virtual worlds such as the world of a database to robots and humans in physical worlds. To understand the dynamics of such worlds as well as to be able to assert some control over such worlds one needs to reason about the actions and events and how they may change the world. In this invited talk we will present some of the important results in this field and present some future directions. In particular, we will discuss how theories and results from reasoning about actions and change can be combined with theories and results in dynamic epistemic logics to obtain a unified theory of multi-agent actions.

Abduction is a fundamental and important form of non-monotonic reasoning. Given a knowledge base explaining how the world behaves it aims at finding an explanation for some observed manifestation. In this paper we focus on propositional abduction, where the knowledge base and the manifestation are represented by propositional formulae. The problem of deciding whether there exists an explanation has been shown to be Σ p 2 -complete in general. We consider variants obtained by restricting the allowed connectives in the formulae to certain sets of Boolean functions. We give a complete classification of the complexity for all considerable sets of Boolean functions. In this way, we identify easier cases, namely NP-complete and polynomial cases; and we highlight sources of intractability. Further, we address the problem of counting the explanations and draw a complete picture for the counting complexity.

Abstract argumentation frameworks have received a lot of interest in recent years. Most computational problems in this area are intractable but several tractable fragments have been identified. In particular, Dunne showed that many problems can be solved in linear time for argumentation frameworks of bounded tree-width. However, these tractability results, which were obtained via Courcelle’s Theorem, do not directly lead to efficient algorithms. The goal of this paper is to turn the theoretical tractability results into efficient algorithms and to explore the potential of directed notions of tree-width for defining larger tractable fragments.

The applicability conditions of legal Norms regulating computer systems can be modelled in different rules very often refer to these institutional concepts, rather ways, see, for example, (Boella, van der Torre, and than to so called brute facts. To simplify the notation we refer Verhagen 2008). If norms are represented by hard constraints, to the former as constitutive rules, and the latter simply then computer systems are designed to avoid violations.

Of the common commutative binary logical connectives, only and and or may be used as operators that take arbitrary numbers of arguments with order and multiplicity being irrelevant, that is, as connectives that take sets of arguments. This is especially evident in the Common Logic Interchange Format, in which it is easy for operators to be given arbitrary numbers of arguments. The reason is that and and or are associative and idempotent, as well as commutative. We extend the ability of taking sets of arguments to the other common commutative connectives by defining generalized versions of nand , nor , xor ,and iff , as well as the additional, parameterized connectives andor and thresh . We prove that andor is expressively complete — all the other connectives may be considered abbreviations of it.