In this paper we contribute to bridging the gap between human reasoning as studied in Cognitive Science and commonsense reasoning based on formal logics and formal theories. Stenning and van Lambalgen presented an approach to model human reasoning by means of logic programs. In this paper, we extend a refined version of their approach by abduction and demonstrate that this permits to adequately model various empiric results on the suppression task reported from Cognitive Science.

The cost-effectiveness and accuracy of a multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) process is highly dependent on designers’ ability to flexibly formulate the optimization problem for specific challenges. Designers need to rapidly modify how object parameters are assigned to groupings of objects in the product model. Our research has developed a Reference-Based Optimization Method (RBOM) to enable this type of flexible problem formulation. However, the responsibility still falls on the designer to manage the problem formulation and MDO process, which can lead to inefficient and costly design decisions. By means of artificial intelligence, in particular knowledge-based systems, these potential barriers to MDO adoption in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry could be mitigated, resulting in more efficient design processes and, ultimately, energy-efficient built environments.

A method is introduced to incorporate sustainability considerations in the early design stages, while simultaneously accounting for supply chain factors, such as cost and lead time. Overall, this work is our first step in understanding the trade-offs between sustainability metrics and more traditional supply chain performance metrics (i.e., cost and lead time). Based on our understanding of these trade-offs, we intend to help build computational artificial intelligence tools that can exploit these trade-offs for improved customization in produc

I begin by considering examples of practical reasoning. In the remainder of the paper, I try to say something about what Example 8. Playing soccer. Soccer is like table tennis, but a logical approach that begins to do justice to the subject with the added dimension of teamwork and the need to might be like. This task was selected as a benchmark problem in robotics, and has been extensively Example 1. Ordering a meal at a restaurant. Here, the problem is deciding what to eat and drink. Typing an email message, Even if the only relevant factors are price and preferences composing it as you go along, starts perhaps with a general about food, the number of possible combinations is very idea of what to say.

This paper describes PATSy, an online repository of virtual patient cases for training and research for >students and practitioners in the clinical sciences. A typical student session with PATSy is illustrated. An extension to PATSy that adds vicarious learning resources (VL-PATSy) is also described. The concept of vicarious learning is outlined and results from a study of learning outcomes from VL-PATSy are presented. PATSy and VL-PATSy will be demonstrated at the symposium.

In recent years, numerous methods to aid designers in conceptualizing new products have been developed. These methods intend to give structure to a process that was, at one time, considered to be a purely creative exercise. Resulting from the study, implementation, and refinement of design methodologies is the notion that both the structure of the development process and the structure of the developed product are key factors in creating value in a firm’s product line. With respect to the latter key factor, product architecture, but more specifically, modular product architecture has been the subject of much study. This research is focused on two tasks: advancing the notion of a modular product architecture in which modules can be incorporated into a product ‘post-market,’ and creating a method that aids designers leverage knowledge of natural symbiotic relationships to synthesize these post-market modules. It adds to prior work by first, defining the terms ‘derivative product’ and ‘host product’ to describe the post-market module and the product that the module augments, respectively. Second, by establishing three guidelines that are used to assess the validity of potential derivative products, giving the newly termed host and derivative product space defined boundaries. And lastly, by developing a 7-step, biomimetic-based methodology that can be used to create derivative product concepts (post-market modules). By using this methodology, the engineered products are designed on symbiotic principles found in nature.

We have developed an automated counseling system in which clients interact with an embodied conversational People who could benefit from a positive change in health agent (Cassell 2000) that acts as a virtual counselor. To behavior form a large and variable population, with assist precontemplations and contemplators, we differences in individual characteristics and circumstances.

The classic dualism offered in Descartes' The English language is rich with words and phrases with Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) views a person as meaning that is grounded in our commonsense theories of having both a physical body and a nonphysical mind.

An intelligent system of the future should make its user feel comfortable, which is impossible without understanding context they coexist in. However, our past research did not treat language information as a part of the context a robot works in, and data about reasons why the user had made his decisions was not obtained. Therefore, we decided to utilize the Web as a knowledge source to discover context information that could suggest a robot's behavior when it acquires verbal information from its user or users. By comparing user utterances (blogs, Twitter or Facebook entries, not direct orders) with other people's written experiences (mostly blogs), a system can judge whether it is a situation in which the robot can perform or improve its performance. In this paper we introduce several methods that can be applied to a simple floor-cleaning robot. We describe basic experiments showing that text processing is helpful when dealing with multiple users who are not willing to give rich feedback. For example, we describe a method for finding usual reasons for cleaning on the Web by using Okapi BM25 to extract feature words from sentences retrieved by the query word "cleaning". Then, we introduce our ideas for dealing with conflicts of interest in multiuser environments and possible methods for avoiding such conflicts by achieving better situation understanding. Also, an emotion recognizer for guessing user needs and moods and a method to calculate situation naturalness are described.

This article presents our work on building a virtual coach agent, called Dr. Vicky, and training environment (called the Virtual BNI Trainer, or VBT) for learning how to correctly talk with medical patients who have substance abuse issues. This work focuses on how to effectively design menu-based dialogue interactions for conversing with a virtual patient within the context of learning how to properly engage in such conversations according to the brief negotiated interview techniques we desire to train. Dr. Vicky also employs a model of student knowledge to influence the mediation strategies used in personalizing the training experience and guidance offered. The VBT is a prototype training application that will be used by medical students and practitioners within the Yale medical community in the future.