A team of researchers at China University of Geosciences and Wuhan WXYZ Technologies in China has recently proposed a new machine learning-based technique to locate people's eyes in images of their faces. This technique, presented in a paper published in Elsevier's journal Neurocomputing, could have several useful applications. For example, it could be used to detect drowsiness in people who are driving a car or performing tasks that require a certain degree of alertness and attention. Drowsiness can greatly impair people's decision-making skills, as well as their attention and memory. Drowsiness while driving or completing an important task can lead to a significant decline in efficiency, and in some cases, even cause life-threatening accidents.

Self-driving cars might spark solo occupancy, rather than increasing the number of occupants per ... [ ] trip. Today's ridesharing via Uber and Lyft is supposed to get more people to share rides and therefore cut down on the number of trips made, along with making more efficient use of cars and roadways, plus saving the earth by knocking down the volume of harmful exhaust emissions. Unfortunately, contemporary ridesharing is more akin to ride-hailing than it is to actual ride sharing. By-and-large, people using present-day ridesharing services are taking trips that encompass just one passenger, themselves. They are hailing a ride that will transport themselves, only, and not sharing the ride with any other passengers (a scant one-fifth of the time they opt for sharing a ride).

In 2014, few of us worked at the intersection of deep learning and genomics. Three years later, genomics is in the midst of a paradigm shift -- deep learning for genomics is coming. How did we get here? In late 2014, we developed our first working deep learning for genomics model -- the "Chromputer". Chromputer used CNNs similar to AlexNet to predict histone modifications and chromatin states from 2D DNA accessibility data (ATAC-seq).

The three Canadian federal research funding agencies and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) are pleased to announce their intention to launch the Canada-UK Artificial Intelligence Initiative. The Canadian agencies include the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council .

Deep learning is a subset of artificial intelligence, in particular, the field of machine learning. Deep learning uses a multi-layered artificial neural network to carry out a range of tasks, from fraud detection to speech recognition or language translation. Deep learning differs from traditional machine learning systems in that it is capable of self-learning and improving as it analyses large data sets. A highly flexible system it has a number of applications in business. In this article, we explain exactly what deep learning is and explore the ways that it is already transforming businesses. Deep learning is a function of artificial intelligence. It is designed to replicate the way that the human brain processes data. It also re-creates the patterns found in the brain's decision-making process. Sometimes called deep neural networking or neural learning, it is part of the wider field of machine learning. It is powered by networks that can carry out unsupervised learning. This process uses algorithms to analyse raw data, extracting information and presenting it in a structured, useful model. Often it is also used to process unstructured or unlabeled data.

We propose a probabilistic framework for modelling and exploring the latent structure of relational data. Given feature information for the nodes in a network, the scalable deep generative relational model (SDREM) builds a deep network architecture that can approximate potential nonlinear mappings between nodes' feature information and the nodes' latent representations. Our contribution is two-fold: (1) We incorporate high-order neighbourhood structure information to generate the latent representations at each node, which vary smoothly over the network. (2) Due to the Dirichlet random variable structure of the latent representations, we introduce a novel data augmentation trick which permits efficient Gibbs sampling. The SDREM can be used for large sparse networks as its computational cost scales with the number of positive links. We demonstrate its competitive performance through improved link prediction performance on a range of real-world datasets.

A referring expression (RE) is a description that identifies a set of instances unambiguously. Mining REs from data finds applications in natural language generation, algorithmic journalism, and data maintenance. Since there may exist multiple REs for a given set of entities, it is common to focus on the most intuitive ones, i.e., the most concise and informative. In this paper we present REMI, a system that can mine intuitive REs on large RDF knowledge bases. Our experimental evaluation shows that REMI finds REs deemed intuitive by users. Moreover we show that REMI is several orders of magnitude faster than an approach based on inductive logic programming.

Large-scale trends in urban crime and global terrorism are well-predicted by socio-economic drivers, but focused, event-level predictions have had limited success. Standard machine learning approaches are promising, but lack interpretability, are generally interpolative, and ineffective for precise future interventions with costly and wasteful false positives. Here, we are introducing Granger Network inference as a new forecasting approach for individual infractions with demonstrated performance far surpassing past results, yet transparent enough to validate and extend social theory. Considering the problem of predicting crime in the City of Chicago, we achieve an average AUC of ~90\% for events predicted a week in advance within spatial tiles approximately $1000$ ft across. Instead of pre-supposing that crimes unfold across contiguous spaces akin to diffusive systems, we learn the local transport rules from data. As our key insights, we uncover indications of suburban bias -- how law-enforcement response is modulated by socio-economic contexts with disproportionately negative impacts in the inner city -- and how the dynamics of violent and property crimes co-evolve and constrain each other -- lending quantitative support to controversial pro-active policing policies. To demonstrate broad applicability to spatio-temporal phenomena, we analyze terror attacks in the middle-east in the recent past, and achieve an AUC of ~80% for predictions made a week in advance, and within spatial tiles measuring approximately 120 miles across. We conclude that while crime operates near an equilibrium quickly dissipating perturbations, terrorism does not. Indeed terrorism aims to destabilize social order, as shown by its dynamics being susceptible to run-away increases in event rates under small perturbations.

In the last decade, the digital age has sharply redefined the way we study human behavior. With the advancement of data storage and sensing technologies, electronic records now encompass a diverse spectrum of human activity, ranging from location data, phone and email communication to Twitter activity and open-source contributions on Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap. In particular, the study of the shopping and mobility patterns of individual consumers has the potential to give deeper insight into the lifestyles and infrastructure of the region. Credit card records (CCRs) provide detailed insight into purchase behavior and have been found to have inherent regularity in consumer shopping patterns; call detail records (CDRs) present new opportunities to understand human mobility, analyze wealth, and model social network dynamics. In this chapter, we jointly model the lifestyles of individuals, a more challenging problem with higher variability when compared to the aggregated behavior of city regions. Using collective matrix factorization, we propose a unified dual view of lifestyles. Understanding these lifestyles will not only inform commercial opportunities, but also help policymakers and nonprofit organizations understand the characteristics and needs of the entire region, as well as of the individuals within that region. The applications of this range from targeted advertisements and promotions to the diffusion of digital financial services among low-income groups.

Empirical analysis is often the first step towards the birth of a conjecture. This is the case of the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer (BSD) Conjecture describing the rational points on an elliptic curve, one of the most celebrated unsolved problems in mathematics. Here we extend the original empirical approach, to the analysis of the Cremona database of quantities relevant to BSD, inspecting more than 2.5 million elliptic curves by means of the latest techniques in data science, machine-learning and topological data analysis. Key quantities such as rank, Weierstrass coefficients, period, conductor, Tamagawa number, regulator and order of the Tate-Shafarevich group give rise to a high-dimensional point-cloud whose statistical properties we investigate. We reveal patterns and distributions in the rank versus Weierstrass coefficients, as well as the Beta distribution of the BSD ratio of the quantities. Via gradient boosted trees, machine learning is applied in finding inter-correlation amongst the various quantities. We anticipate that our approach will spark further research on the statistical properties of large datasets in Number Theory and more in general in pure Mathematics.