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Human error is an Criticism should not be querulous, and umes of fast-changing increasingly important wasting, all knife and root puller, but guiding, sensory data that and addressable instructive, inspiring, a South wind, one needs to process concern in modernday not an East wind. Most institutions), and the automation that technology represents accidents waiting to surrounds us (for example, unfriendly computers happen. For example, in the Challenger explosion, We get by because humans excel at coping. the shortcomings of the O-rings had been High-technology accidents occur because known for several years. What feedback hundreds of alarms simultaneously all contributed strategy (for example, story telling, first-principle to the disaster. Likewise, when the lecturing) will most constructively correct British fleet was sent to defend the Falkland the human error? It was at this differences. However, there are no point that the Argentines released their missile models there or in the AI literature of errors and sank an unsuspecting British ship. The operator had The errors result from proficient task performers no inkling of the ramifications of the system practicing in a natural environment; they designs under the current operating conditions. New error and critiquing models operator has virtually no way out. The remarkable need to capture and reflect this difference. We computer-aided design (ICAD) to mitigate begin by examining the design process and such problems. Specifically, we examine the the cognitive difficulties it poses. The designer uses a interference problems are also increasingly variety of cognitive operators to generate a evident on civilian automobiles, airplanes, design, test it under various conditions, refine and ships that cram telephones, radios, computers, it until a stopping rule is reached, and then radar devices, and other electromagnetically store the design as a prototype or analog to incompatible devices into close help start a new process for the next design proximity. The design process is sufficiently complex domain are relevant to all engineering design that a correct and complete design applications that must factor any operational simply cannot be deduced from starting conditions (or manufacturability, sales, or other downstream) or simulation model results.

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence held its 1991 Fall Symposium Series on November 15-17 at the Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, California. This article contains summaries of the four symposia: Discourse Structure in Natural Language Understanding and Generation, Knowledge and Action at Social and Organizational Levels, Principles of Hybrid Reasoning, Sensory Aspects of Robotic Intelligence.

The International Workshop on Processing Declarative Knowledge was held in Kaiserslautern, Germany, from 1 to 3 July 1991. The workshop was intended as a forum for the presentation of new approaches to processing declarative knowledge, the discussion of procedural versus alternative paradigms, and the issues concerned with efficient processing of realistic knowledge bases. Demonstrations of implemented systems were also announced.

In some Winter, 1991) brought a broad nostalgic The principles of statistical pattern mature and highly technical disciplines, smile to my face. I believe that recognition I had employed then are this mode of thought can be I am the unnamed Yale junior faculty very general indeed. Unfortunately, this is not member to whose work Prof. Schank very principles form the basis of all the case in our chosen pursuit of the alluded. Perhaps the intervening contemporary speech recognition essence of mind which should be years have eradicated his memory of systems which, in their best incarnations seen as a young and interdisciplinary my name or, more likely, he wished here at Bell Laboratories and enterprise. I, transcribing fluent speech of virtually organisms, she was not constrained however, fully mindful of Oscar any speaker talking about a specific by the academic boundaries that Wilde's observation that the only topic and using a vocabulary of thousands have since evolved.

Integrated Language and Vision Systems, Scholarship Travel Program If you are interested in assisting AAAI at the national conference, New Mexico State University, Continued please contact AAAI at volunteer Dec. 1991 AAAI announces the continuation of @aaai.org. All inquiries should 1991 IFIP/KR Workshop its scholarship travel program for students include your name, address, telephone, Eleventh International Workshop on who want to attend the National advisor's name, and email Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Conference on Artificial Intelligence address. All requests to volunteer at Glen Arbor, Michigan, February 1992 in San Jose, California, 12-17 July AAAI-92 must be received by the 1992. First International Conference on and (2) are members of April 3 AAAI-92 Scholarship AI Planning Systems, University of AAAI. In addition, repeat scholarship Application Deadline Maryland, June 1992 applicants must have fulfilled the April 29 Al Magazine Summer Issue The Third International Conference volunteer and reporting requirements Calendar Deadline on Principles of Knowledge Representation for previous awards.

The Fredkin Challenge in AI Research and Applications at Chandrasekaran, B. see nlso Hendler, Match, 2(2): Summer 1981, 30-33.

My Ph.D. thesis (Ward 1992, 1991)1 addressed the task of generating natural language utterances. It was motivated by two difficulties in scaling up existing generators. Current generators only accept input that are relatively poor in information, such as feature structures or lists of propositions; they are unable to deal with input rich in information, as one might expect from, for example, an expert system with a complete model of its domain or a natural language understander with good inference ability. Current generators also have a very restricted knowledge of language -- indeed, they succeed largely because they have few syntactic or lexical options available (McDonald 1987) -- and they are unable to cope with more knowledge because they deal with interactions among the various possible choices only as special cases. To address these and other issues, I built a system called FIG (flexible incremental generator). FIG is based on a single associative network that encodes lexical knowledge, syntactic knowledge, and world knowledge. Computation is done by spreading activation across the network, supplemented with a small amount of symbolic processing. Thus, FIG is a spreading activation or structured connectionist system (Feldman et al. 1988).

General Electric's Research and Elscint (Hackensack, NJ), a manufacturer Johnson Controls (Milwaukee, WI) Development Center (Schenectady, of medical imaging systems, has has begun deployment of a knowledge-based NY) has developed an expert system begun offering its customers a service engineering application which is being used to increase the option based on expert systems. The to increase the productivity of the speed of design of new jet engines, MasterMind system delivers troubleshooting engineering design function. The system, called Engineous, on laptop or desktop computers. The General (Menlo Park, CA), is conveyor for further processing. It problems and recommends solutions objects have become rotated.

The Sixth Annual Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Conference (KBSE-91) was held at the Sheraton University Inn and Conference Center in Syracuse, New York, from Sunday afternoon, 22 September, through midday Wednesday, 25 September. The KBSE field is concerned with applying knowledge-based AI techniques to the problems of creating, understanding, and maintaining very large software systems.