This article begins with an elaboration of models of design as a process. It then introduces and describes a knowledge representation schema for design called design prototypes. This schema supports the initiation and continuation of the act of designing. Design prototypes are shown to provide a suitable framework to distinguish routine, innovative, and creative design.

We include it here, behavior.

Gul A. Agha's "Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1987, 144 pages, $25.00, ISBN 0-262-01092-5) is part of the MIT Press Series in Artificial Intelligence. This volume is edited by Patrick Winston, Michael Brady, and Daniel Bobrow.

I concentrate on this class of design 1989) that lays out the relation problems in this article. An example of an implicit function mapping from behavior to structure), typically in many engineering devices is safety: For conducted by means of a search or exploration example, a subsystem's role might only be in the space of possible subassemblies explained as something that prevents the of components. This accent on assembly is in leakage of a potentially hazardous substance, fact the origin of the frequent suggestion that and this function might never be explicitly design is a synthetic task. Only a vanishingly design specifications will usually mention a small number of objects in this space constitute number of constraints. The distinction even satisficing, not to mention optimal, between functions and constraints is hard to solutions. What is needed to make design formally pin down; functions are constraints practical are strategies that radically shrink on the behavior or properties of the device. However, it is useful to distinguish functions Set against the view of design as a deliberative from other constraints because functions are problem-solving process is the view of the primary reason that the device is desired. Artistic creations and weigh more than..."), the process of making scientific theories are often said by their creators the artifact from its description (manufacturability to have occurred to them in this Even when a plausible solution itself (for example, "I want a design within a occurs in this way, the proposal still needs to week"), and so on.

This article proposes connectionism as an alternative to classical cognitivism in understanding design. It also considers the difficulties encountered within a particular view of the role of explanations and typologies. Connectionism provides an alternative model that does not depend on the articulation of explanations and typologies.

Stuart Goldkind's book Machines and Intelligence: A Critique of Arguments against the Possibility of Artificial Intelligence (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1987, 139 pages, $29.95, ISBN 0-313-25450-8) considers and criticizes a collection of arguments against the possibility of AI.

Models of design processes provide guidance in the development of knowledge-based systems for design. The basis for such models comes from research in design theory and methodology as well as problem solving in AI. Three models are presented: decomposition, case-based reasoning, and transformation. Each model provides a formalism for representing design knowledge and experience in distinct and complementary forms.

For our purposes, the goal is to make robots that are as humanlike as possible. Now the question becomes, Could we develop these systems to the point where x/h and The question of whether a computer deep interconnections among mind x/r were used interchangeably. In this can think like a person is once again and body are the crux of the issue. Somewhat to my surprise, Two basic lines of reasoning are thing when we said that Mary or R2D2 this philosophical question used to support the notion that computers understands Proust or loves John. The more common x/r could equal x/h, we must look understanding.

In the emerge from a massive knowledge this subject.

This article describes a causal expert system based on hypothetical reasoning and its application to the maintenance of the lower hoist of a Mark 45 turret gun. The system, Hoist, performs fault diagnosis without the use of a repair expert or shallow rules. Its knowledge is coded directly from a structural specification of the Mark 45 lower hoist. The technology reported here for assisting the less experienced diagnostician differs considerably from normal rule-based techniques: It reasons about machine failures from a functional model of the device. In a mechanism like the lower hoist, the functional model must reason about forces, fluid pressures, and mechanical linkages; that is, it must reason about qualitative physics. Hoist technology can be directly applied to any exactly specified device for the modeling and diagnosis of single or multiple faults. Hypothetical reasoning, the process embodied in Hoist, has general utility in qualitative physics and reason maintenance.