When Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance succumbed to the Antarctic pack ice on November 21, 1915, he and his crew began one of the most gruelling survival attempts in history. Since the explorer led his 27 men to safety more than a century ago, there has been no sign of the ship. But now, in an echo of the golden age of exploration, the race is on to the Antarctic once more – as two rival expeditions hunt for the lost vessel. A British-led team from Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge University, along with universities in South Africa and New Zealand, plans to launch autonomous underwater vehicles almost two miles under the ice. The multi-million pound expedition will set out in January 2019 in research ship SA Agulhas II, The Times reported.

To see the world through the eyes of a 40-ton polar whale it helps to use a little bug. At least that's what this satellite tracking tag resembles. We're crammed into an inflatable black rubber zodiac on a blustery day in Antarctica's Gerlache Strait, puttering toward a motionless humpback whale. A fist-sized camera with gangly grasshopper-like antennae and suction cup feet sits on a pole resting on scientist Ari Friedlaender's shoulders. Towering icebergs and glacier-draped mountains rise around us.

Scientists filming in the South Ocean off the coast of New Zealand captured this stunning footage of a blue whale eating a mass of krill. When you weigh 200 tons, even the smallest body movements require a lot of energy. That's why blue whales, Earth's largest animal, are picky eaters. Stunning new drone footage shows exactly how these massive mammals maneuver to feed on only the most nutritious patches of krill--providing insight on how they make these choices. Captured by a research team led by National Geographic Explorer Leigh Torres from Oregon State's Marine Mammal Institute, footage filmed in the Southern Ocean near New Zealand shows the moment a whale spots a patch of krill and sizes up whether it's worth expending energy.

Good weather seldom lasts more than a few hours off the coast of Antarctica, and after a remarkable day of cloudless fine conditions, the next day dawns grey and cold. The research vessel, Akademik Treshnikov, moves back from its parking spot against the glacier and sails to a nearby location, where the submarine is again launched. Instead of exploring the underside of the glacier, this time the focus is on marine life on the ocean floor. As the unmanned sub reaches a depth of 900m, a giant sponge resembling an enormous gourd looms into view. The four-man team operating the robotic sub manoeuvre it into place, and then using a robotic arm, lift the beautiful creature from its perch, and places it in one of the sampling boxes.

The expedition in the Southern Ocean found that stocks of krill under the ice were five times more concentrated than those in open waters. The shrimp-like species is a key food for penguins, whales and fish. The importance of sea ice as a nursery for krill has long been suspected. However, these findings are the first large-scale measurements of the breeding ground's existence. The discovery was made by UK scientists from the British Antarctic Survey, the Open University and the Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen.

Yesterday, the Halley VI Research Station was forced to close its Antarctic research base amid rising fears it could fall into a huge ice chasm. Shocking new drone footage has now been released that shows just how massive the growing crack in the ice is. The worrying footage has forced the British research base to relocate 14 miles (22 km) across the Brunt Ice Shelf and close its doors for the winter. The footage shows a 25 mile-long (40km) crack that appears to be a few feet deep. In some areas, the crack has split into two, leaving behind small islands of ice.

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Penguins living in the Antarctic Ocean are under threat from a variety of factors including climate change, fisheries and human disturbance. In spite of studying the region for over a hundred years, scientists have still not developed a way to measure changes in penguin populations. Now researchers have developed a new way to keep an eye on penguins, using 50 cameras and the help of the general public. Penguins living in the Antarctic Ocean are under threat from a variety of factors including climate change, fisheries and human disturbance. The Penguins Lifeline project at the University of Oxford has been running since 2009.

Mesoscale ocean eddies are a critical component of the Earth System as they dominate the ocean's kinetic energy and impact the global distribution of oceanic heat, salinity, momentum, and nutrients. Therefore, accurately representing these dynamic features is critical for our planet's sustainability. The majority of methods that identify eddies from satellite observations analyze the data in a frame-by-frame basis despite the fact that eddies are dynamic objects that propagate across space and time. We introduce the notion of spatio-temporal consistency to identify eddies in a continuous spatio-temporal field, to simultaneously ensure that the features detected are both spatially and temporally consistent. Our spatio-temporal consistency approach allows us to remove most of the expert criteria used in traditional methods to reduce false negatives. The removal of arbitrary heuristics enables us to render more complete eddy dynamics by identifying smaller and longer lived eddies compared to existing methods.

People constantly apply acquired knowledge to new learning tasks, but machines almost never do. Research on transfer learning attempts to address this dissimilarity. Working within this area, we report on a procedure that learns and transfers constraints in the context of inductive process modeling, which we review. After discussing the role of constraints in model induction, we describe the learning method, MISC, and introduce our metrics for assessing the cost and benefit of transferred knowledge. The reported results suggest that cross-domain transfer is beneficial in the scenarios that we investigated, lending further evidence that this strategy is a broadly effective means for increasing the efficiency of learning systems. We conclude by discussing the aspects of inductive process modeling that encourage effective transfer, by reviewing related strategies, and by describing future research plans for constraint induction and transfer learning.