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Time-Bounded Best-First Search for Reversible and Non-reversible Search Graphs

Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research

Time-Bounded A* is a real-time, single-agent, deterministic search algorithm that expands states of a graph in the same order as A* does, but that unlike A* interleaves search and action execution. Known to outperform state-of-the-art real-time search algorithms based on Korf's Learning Real-Time A* (LRTA*) in some benchmarks, it has not been studied in detail and is sometimes not considered as a ``true'' real-time search algorithm since it fails in non-reversible problems even it the goal is still reachable from the current state. In this paper we propose and study Time-Bounded Best-First Search (TB(BFS)) a straightforward generalization of the time-bounded approach to any best-first search algorithm. Furthermore, we propose Restarting Time-Bounded Weighted A* (TB_R(WA*)), an algorithm that deals more adequately with non-reversible search graphs, eliminating ``backtracking moves'' and incorporating search restarts and heuristic learning. In non-reversible problems we prove that TB(BFS) terminates and we deduce cost bounds for the solutions returned by Time-Bounded Weighted A* (TB(WA*)), an instance of TB(BFS). Furthermore, we prove TB_R(WA*), under reasonable conditions, terminates. We evaluate TB(WA) in both grid pathfinding and the 15-puzzle. In addition, we evaluate TB_R(WA*) on the racetrack problem. We compare our algorithms to LSS-LRTWA*, a variant of LRTA* that can exploit lookahead search and a weighted heuristic. A general observation is that the performance of both TB(WA*) and TB_R(WA*) improves as the weight parameter is increased. In addition, our time-bounded algorithms almost always outperform LSS-LRTWA* by a significant margin.


Robots in the Workforce: Automation Is a New Era for Engineers

#artificialintelligence

Since the dawn of manufacturing, designers and engineers have repeatedly run up against limitations to making things. Their ability to execute and capacity to afford bringing their ideas to market were once constrained by the manufacturing facility they had to find--either local or offshore--to build the things they wanted to build. But in a new world of enhanced robotics, factory automation, 3D printing, generative design, and design-make-use convergence, engineers' project limitations will fade away. And it's all because machine learning, computing power, and robots in the workforce are increasingly capable and intelligent. Soon, engineers will be able to design the best thing possible and then hand it to robots to dissect and turn into a series of assembled 3D-printed components.


Bleeding Edge Roundup

#artificialintelligence

Researchers from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands have created a rewritable data-storage device capable of storing information at the level of single atoms representing single bits of information. The technology, which is described in the current issue of Nature Nanotechnology, is capable of packing data as dense as 500 terabytes per square inch. Theoretically, the device could store the entire contents of the US Library of Congress within a 0.1-mm-wide cube--though the proof-of-concept demonstrated by the group topped out at 1 kilobyte. On Tuesday, DigitalGlobe, a satellite-imagery company, announced that it will provide high-resolution pictures of the planet's surface to Uber. DigitalGlobe is the primary provider of satellite imagery to Google, Apple, and the U.S. government.


An experiment in trying to predict Google rankings

#artificialintelligence

Machine learning is quickly becoming an indispensable tool for many large companies. Everyone has, for sure, heard about Google's AI algorithm beating the World Champion in Go, as well as technologies like RankBrain, but machine learning does not have to be a mystical subject relegated to the domain of math researchers. There are many approachable libraries and technologies that show promise of being very useful to any industry that has data to play with. Machine learning also has the ability to turn traditional website marketing and SEO on its head. Late last year, my colleagues and I (rather naively) began an experiment in which we threw several popular machine learning algorithms at the task of predicting ranking in Google. We ended up with an assembly that achieved 41 percent true positive and 41 percent true negative on our data set.


An experiment in trying to predict Google rankings

#artificialintelligence

Machine learning is quickly becoming an indispensable tool for many large companies. Everyone has, for sure, heard about Google's AI algorithm beating the World Champion in Go, as well as technologies like RankBrain, but machine learning does not have to be a mystical subject relegated to the domain of math researchers. There are many approachable libraries and technologies that show promise of being very useful to any industry that has data to play with. Machine learning also has the ability to turn traditional website marketing and SEO on its head. Late last year, my colleagues and I (rather naively) began an experiment in which we threw several popular machine learning algorithms at the task of predicting ranking in Google. We ended up with an assembly that achieved 41 percent true positive and 41 percent true negative on our data set. In the following paragraphs, I will take you through our experiment, and I will also discuss a few important libraries and technologies that are important for SEOs to begin understanding.


Machine Learning over 1M hotel reviews finds interesting insights MonkeyLearn Blog

#artificialintelligence

On a previous post we learned how to train a machine learning classifier that is able to detect the different aspects mentioned on hotel reviews. With this aspect classifier, we were able to automatically know if a particular review was talking about cleanliness, comfort & facilities, food, Internet, location, staff and/or value for money. We also learned how to combine this classifier with the sentiment analysis classifier to get interesting insights and answer questions like are guests loving the location of a particular hotel but complaining about its cleanliness? These are the kind of questions we aim to answer with this tutorial and that will lead us to some interesting insights. The source code used for this process is available in this repository.


Watch Room - An Artificial Intelligence Thriller

#artificialintelligence

With Watch Room, our goal is to contribute to the budding conversation around the promise and perils of Artificial Intelligence research, in a way that respects the complexities involved. As such, we've done our best to create a story that touches on everything from simulation theory, to brain emulation, to Roko's Basilisk... to that most hallowed of science fiction questions: "What makes us human?" Another goal of ours is to illustrate the possibilities within the realm of virtual reality. Of course, Watch Room's scientific roots drink deeply from rich dramatic soil. On one level, we're just plain old excited to make a film that's a joy to watch: smart and twisting in a way that respects the audience and keeps you guessing right up to the end.


Google uses AI to cut data centre energy use by 15%

#artificialintelligence

Google says it has cut its vast data centres' energy use by 15% by applying artificial intelligence to manage them more efficiently than humans. The servers that power billions of web searches, streamed films and social media accounts are estimated to account for around 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Google is believed to have one of the biggest fleets of them in the world. On Wednesday, Google said it had proved it could cut total energy use at its data centres by 15% by deploying machine learning from Deepmind, the British AI company it bought in 2014 for around 400m. Such centres require significant energy for cooling, as well as constant adjustments to air temperature, pressure and humidity, to run as efficiently as possible.


Great Fire of London to be recreated in MINECRAFT: Virtual world will portray tragic blaze that swept the city 350 years ago

Daily Mail - Science & tech

From Big Ben to Battersea Power Station, London's landmarks have been painstakingly recreated using tiny virtual bricks in Minecraft. Now, one of the capital's most disastrous events – the Great Fire of London – is about to be put on the pixelated map. The historic blaze of 1666, which gutted the medieval part of the city 350 years ago, will be portrayed using three different maps within the video game. The historic blaze of 1666, which gutted the medieval part of the city 350 years ago, will be portrayed using three different maps within the video game, Minecraft. Minecraft was created in 2009.


MaRS report uses investment in startups to identify 7 trends shaping tech's future

#artificialintelligence

Consumers can look forward to a future increasingly defined by a global voice, and dominated by robots, the Internet of Things (IoT), and virtual and augmented reality (the last of which has become considerably more plausible since the release of Pokemon Go), according to a new trends report by Toronto-based non-profit innovation hub MaRS. Arguably more fascinating than the report's conclusion, however, is its methods: To determine the trends that will define tech's future, authors Farah Momen and Sue McGill calculated the startups that were receiving the most funding, then divided them into sectors. "By analyzing the capital raised over the past year, we can understand: a) which consumer and commerce verticals are seeing the most activity here in Canada (such as wearables and foodtech); and b) which specific, innovative consumer and enterprise business-to-business companies are gaining traction in the market," Momen and McGill wrote in a July 7 press release announcing the report. While ecommerce might be delivering a wider variety of products to consumers than ever before, the final purchase decision is still frequently influenced by their shopping experience, Momen and McGill write – and advancements in VR and AR have created new opportunities for companies to provide an immersive, unforgettable experience, with manufacturers such as Lexus and Volvo implementing virtual test-driving simulations, and Ikea adding an AR feature to its mobile app that lets viewers virtually place and view nearly 300 of the Swedish furniture giant's products in their homes. Sure, we all know about Alexa and Cortana, but more interesting to Momen and McGill is the role that digital shopping assistants could play in retail's future, with companies like Stitch Fix already delivering monthly boxes of curated items chosen by a combination of machine and human stylists.