User identity linkage is a task of recognizing the identities of the same user across different social networks (SN). Previous works tackle this problem via estimating the pairwise similarity between identities from different SN, predicting the label of identity pairs or selecting the most relevant identity pair based on the similarity scores. However, most of these methods ignore the results of previously matched identities, which could contribute to the linkage in following matching steps. To address this problem, we convert user identity linkage into a sequence decision problem and propose a reinforcement learning model to optimize the linkage strategy from the global perspective. Our method makes full use of both the social network structure and the history matched identities, and explores the long-term influence of current matching on subsequent decisions. We conduct experiments on different types of datasets, the results show that our method achieves better performance than other state-of-the-art methods.

Continuing Our series of posts on how to interpret Machine Learning algorithms and predictions. Part 0 (optional) -- What is Data Science and the Data Scientist Part 1 -- Introduction to Interpretability Part 1.5 (optional) -- A Brief History of Statistics (May be useful to understand this post) Part 2 -- (this post) Interpreting models of high bias and low variance. Part 4 -- Is it possible to resolve the trade-off between bias and variance? Using Shapley to finally open the black box! In this post we will focus on the interpretation of high bias and low variance models, as we explained in the previous post, these algorithms are the easiest to interpret so assume several prerequisites in the data.

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Artificial Intelligence in retail market is expected to grow at CAGR of 38.5% during the forecast period, 2019–2026. AI has become a cardinal element across various industry verticals for digitalization, especially in the retail segment. According to the World Economic Forum, e-commerce is on the verge of becoming the most important retail channel, driving 42% of consumption growth and 90% of the growth from mobile e-commerce. Thus, implementing advanced technologies in e-commerce, such as artificial intelligence, would offer better prospects for the retail industry in the coming years. AI is predicted to unleash a digital disruption in retail with prominent industry players ramping-up their businesses. AI-powered solutions are increasingly becoming a priority for the food & beverage industry and retailers.

This work introduces two strategies for training network classifiers with heterogeneous agents. One strategy promotes global smoothing over the graph and a second strategy promotes local smoothing over neighbourhoods. It is assumed that the feature sizes can vary from one agent to another, with some agents observing insufficient attributes to be able to make reliable decisions on their own. As a result, cooperation with neighbours is necessary. However, due to the fact that the feature dimensions are different across the agents, their classifier dimensions will also be different. This means that cooperation cannot rely on combining the classifier parameters. We instead propose smoothing the outputs of the classifiers, which are the predicted labels. By doing so, the dynamics that describes the evolution of the network classifier becomes more challenging than usual because the classifier parameters end up appearing as part of the regularization term as well. We illustrate performance by means of computer simulations.

In most classical models of belief change, epistemic states are represented by theories (AGM) or formulas (Katsuno-Mendelzon) and the new pieces of information by formulas. The Representation Theorem for revision operators says that operators are represented by total preorders. This important representation is exploited by Darwiche and Pearl to shift the notion of epistemic state to a more abstract one, where the paradigm of epistemic state is indeed that of a total preorder over interpretations. In this work, we introduce a 3-valued logic where the formulas can be identified with a generalisation of total preorders of three levels: a ranking function mapping interpretations into the truth values. Then we analyse some sort of changes in this kind of structures and give syntactical characterizations of them.

If there's one thing I've learned over the 15 years working on Google Search, it's that people's curiosity is endless. We see billions of searches every day, and 15 percent of those queries are ones we haven't seen before--so we've built ways to return results for queries we can't anticipate. When people like you or I come to Search, we aren't always quite sure about the best way to formulate a query. We might not know the right words to use, or how to spell something, because often times, we come to Search looking to learn--we don't necessarily have the knowledge to begin with. At its core, Search is about understanding language.

Ernesto Estrada is ARAID researcher at the Institute of Mathematics and Applications (IUMA) at the University of Zaragoza since January 2019. Before he was the Chair of Complexity Science at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. He works on the mathematics of networks where he has published more than 200 papers which have received more than 12,500 citations, and his h-index is 59. He is SIAM Fellow, Member of the Academy of Sciences of Latin America, and was a recipient of the Wolfson Research Merit Award of the Royal Society of London among other distinctions. He is the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Complex Networks (Oxford University Press), and Associate Editor of SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics and of Proceedings of the Royal Society A. He has given plenary talks at many international conferences in applied mathematics and on network sciences, and he is frequently a lecturer at major international schools on these topics.

-- Mammography is often used as the most common laboratory method for the detection of breast cancer, yet associated with the high cost and many side effects. M achine learning prediction as an alternative method has shown promising results. This paper present s a method based on a mul tilayer fuzzy expert system for the detection of breast cancer using an e xtreme learning machine (ELM) classification model integrated with radial basis function (RBF) kernel called ELM - RBF, considering the Wisconsin dataset . The performance of the propose d model is further compared with a l inear - SVM model. Furthermore, both models are studied in terms of criteria of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, validation, true positive rate (TPR), and false - negative rate (FNR). The ELM - RBF model for these criteria presents better performance compared to the SVM model . Breast cancer is among the most common disease of young women over the world [1 - 3]. Approximately 29.9% of mortality from can cer in women is due to breast cancer. The incidence of this disease is lower in developing countries than in developed countries, about 10% of women with breast cancer in Western countries.

Integro-difference equation (IDE) models describe the conditional dependence between the spatial process at a future time point and the process at the present time point through an integral operator. Nonlinearity or temporal dependence in the dynamics is often captured by allowing the operator parameters to vary temporally, or by re-fitting a model with a temporally-invariant linear operator at each time point in a sliding window. Both procedures tend to be excellent for prediction purposes over small time horizons, but are generally time-consuming and, crucially, do not provide a global prior model for the temporally-varying dynamics that is realistic. Here, we tackle these two issues by using a deep convolution neural network (CNN) in a hierarchical statistical IDE framework, where the CNN is designed to extract process dynamics from the process' most recent behaviour. Once the CNN is fitted, probabilistic forecasting can be done extremely quickly online using an ensemble Kalman filter with no requirement for repeated parameter estimation. We conduct an experiment where we train the model using 13 years of daily sea-surface temperature data in the North Atlantic Ocean. Forecasts are seen to be accurate and calibrated. A key advantage of our approach is that the CNN provides a global prior model for the dynamics that is realistic, interpretable, and computationally efficient. We show the versatility of the approach by successfully producing 10-minute nowcasts of weather radar reflectivities in Sydney using the same model that was trained on daily sea-surface temperature data in the North Atlantic Ocean.