BUENOS AIRES – Argentina's government boosted security at its airports, borders and the U.S. Embassy in Buenos Aires as tensions simmer between the United States and Iran, the South American country's defense minister told local media on Monday. Argentina, which suffered two attacks, in 1992 and 1994, decided to raise its alert level days after a U.S. drone strike killed Iranian military commander Qassem Soleimani in Iraq, stoking global fears of retaliation attacks. "Because of the history of two attacks we had, Argentina must be on alert for this type of conflict worldwide," Defense Minister Agustin Rossi told local news site Infobae. More than 100 people were killed in two attacks in Argentina in the 1990s. In 1992, the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires was attacked with a car bomb, killing 29 people.

The goal of this paper is to characterize function distributions that deep learning can or cannot learn in poly-time. A universality result is proved for SGD-based deep learning and a non-universality result is proved for GD-based deep learning; this also gives a separation between SGD-based deep learning and statistical query algorithms: (1) {\it Deep learning with SGD is efficiently universal.} Any function distribution that can be learned from samples in poly-time can also be learned by a poly-size neural net trained with SGD on a poly-time initialization with poly-steps, poly-rate and possibly poly-noise. Therefore deep learning provides a universal learning paradigm: it was known that the approximation and estimation errors could be controlled with poly-size neural nets, using ERM that is NP-hard; this new result shows that the optimization error can also be controlled with SGD in poly-time. The picture changes for GD with large enough batches: (2) {\it Result (1) does not hold for GD:} Neural nets of poly-size trained with GD (full gradients or large enough batches) on any initialization with poly-steps, poly-range and at least poly-noise cannot learn any function distribution that has super-polynomial {\it cross-predictability,} where the cross-predictability gives a measure of ``average'' function correlation -- relations and distinctions to the statistical dimension are discussed. In particular, GD with these constraints can learn efficiently monomials of degree $k$ if and only if $k$ is constant. Thus (1) and (2) point to an interesting contrast: SGD is universal even with some poly-noise while full GD or SQ algorithms are not (e.g., parities).

We propose Stochastic Weight Averaging in Parallel (SW AP), an algorithm to accelerate DNN training. Our algorithm uses large mini-batches to compute an approximate solution quickly and then refines it by averaging the weights of multiple models computed independently and in parallel. The resulting models generalize equally well as those trained with small mini-batches but are produced in a substantially shorter time. We demonstrate the reduction in training time and the good generalization performance of the resulting models on the computer vision datasets CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ImageNet. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants are the de-facto methods to train deep neural networks (DNNs). Each iteration of SGD computes an estimate of the objective's gradient by sampling a mini-batch of the available training data and computing the gradient of the loss restricted to the sampled data. A popular strategy to accelerate DNN training is to increase the mini-batch size together with the available computational resources. Larger mini-batches produce more precise gradient estimates; these allow for higher learning rates and achieve larger reductions of the training loss per iteration.

Recently, it has been widely accepted by the research community that interactions between humans and cyber-physical infrastructures have played a significant role in determining the performance of the latter. The existing paradigm for designing cyber-physical systems for optimal performance focuses on developing models based on historical data. The impacts of context factors driving human system interaction are challenging and are difficult to capture and replicate in existing design models. As a result, many existing models do not or only partially address those context factors of a new design owing to the lack of capabilities to capture the context factors. This limitation in many existing models often causes performance gaps between predicted and measured results. We envision a new design environment, a cyber-physical human system (CPHS) where decision-making processes for physical infrastructures under design are intelligently connected to distributed resources over cyberinfrastructure such as experiments on design features and empirical evidence from operations of existing instances. The framework combines existing design models with context-aware design-specific data involving human-infrastructure interactions in new designs, using a machine learning approach to create augmented design models with improved predictive powers.

The "LegalTech Artificial Intelligence Market" is evolving at an exciting pace driven by changing dynamics and risk ecosystem, an analysis of which forms the crux of the report. The study on the global LegalTech Artificial Intelligence Market takes a closer look at several regional trends and the emerging regulatory landscape to assess its prospects. The critical evaluation of the various growth factors and opportunities in the global LegalTech Artificial Intelligence Market offered in the analyses helps in assessing the lucrativeness of its key segments. Summary of Market: The global LegalTech Artificial Intelligence market is valued at xx million US$ in 2019 is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025. Legal technology, also known asLegal Tech, refers to the use oftechnologyandsoftwareto providelegal services.

The tremendous increase in the amount of available research documents impels researchers to propose topic models to extract the latent semantic themes of a documents collection. However, how to extract the hidden topics of the documents collection has become a crucial task for many topic model applications. Moreover, conventional topic modeling approaches suffer from the scalability problem when the size of documents collection increases. In this paper, the Correlated Topic Model with variational Expectation-Maximization algorithm is implemented in MapReduce framework to solve the scalability problem. The proposed approach utilizes the dataset crawled from the public digital library. In addition, the full-texts of the crawled documents are analysed to enhance the accuracy of MapReduce CTM. The experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. From the evaluation, the proposed approach has a comparable performance in terms of topic coherences with LDA implemented in MapReduce framework.

However, even to learn to solve simple tasks it can require millions of interactions. A promising approach to improve the learning speed relies on the options framework [6] An option is a'chunk of behaviour' that is formally defined as an initiation set, establishing in which states the option is available; a policy, indicating which actions to perform in each state; and a termination condition, establishing when the option execution is terminated. RL systems can benefit from the use of options to support faster exploration and learning especially when rewards are sparse or when the solution to a problem involves recurring behaviours. An important open problem is how can an agent autonomously learn options that are useful to solve tasks drawn from a given task distribution. Recent approaches have searched options for specific optimisation problems but they have not studied how optimal options are affected by different task features such as limited learning time budgets, task rewards, initial states, and the learning algorithm used.

Rest of Europe 8.4 Asia Pacific 8.4.1

THE THAMES seems to draw people who work on intelligence-gathering. The spooks of MI6 are housed in a funky-looking building overlooking the river. Two miles downstream, in a shared office space near Blackfriars Bridge, lives Arkera, a firm that uses machine-learning technology to sort intelligence from newspapers, websites and other public sources for emerging-market investors. London has the right time zone, between the Americas and Asia. It is a nice place to live.

Sundar Pichai, the chief executive of Google, has been put in charge of its parent company Alphabet, after co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin announced they were stepping down. The 47-year-old said the pair had set up a "strong foundation" on which he would "continue to build". Pichai's life story is remarkable, and his rise to the top of Google is an endorsement of India's standing in the global technology industry - and equally, a reassuring reminder of the so-called "American Dream". Pichai was born and schooled in Chennai, India. He captained his school's cricket team, leading it to win regional competitions.