Global spending on AI is forecast to double over the next four years, growing from $50.1 billion in 2020 to more than $110 billion in 2024. According to IDC, spending on AI systems will accelerate over the next several years as organizations deploy artificial intelligence as part of their digital transformation efforts and to remain competitive in the digital economy. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the 2019-2024 period will be 20.1%. "Companies will adopt AI -- not just because they can, but because they must," said Ritu Jyoti, Program VP, Artificial Intelligence at IDC. "AI is the technology that will help businesses to be agile, innovate, and scale. The companies that become'AI powered' will have the ability to synthesize information (using AI to convert data into information and then into knowledge), the capacity to learn (using AI to understand relationships between knowledge and apply the learning to business problems), and the capability to deliver insights at scale (using AI to support decisions and automation)."

Active learning (AL) attempts to maximize the performance gain of the model by marking the fewest samples. Deep learning (DL) is greedy for data and requires a large amount of data supply to optimize massive parameters, so that the model learns how to extract high-quality features. In recent years, due to the rapid development of internet technology, we are in an era of information torrents and we have massive amounts of data. In this way, DL has aroused strong interest of researchers and has been rapidly developed. Compared with DL, researchers have relatively low interest in AL. This is mainly because before the rise of DL, traditional machine learning requires relatively few labeled samples. Therefore, early AL is difficult to reflect the value it deserves. Although DL has made breakthroughs in various fields, most of this success is due to the publicity of the large number of existing annotation datasets. However, the acquisition of a large number of high-quality annotated datasets consumes a lot of manpower, which is not allowed in some fields that require high expertise, especially in the fields of speech recognition, information extraction, medical images, etc. Therefore, AL has gradually received due attention. A natural idea is whether AL can be used to reduce the cost of sample annotations, while retaining the powerful learning capabilities of DL. Therefore, deep active learning (DAL) has emerged. Although the related research has been quite abundant, it lacks a comprehensive survey of DAL. This article is to fill this gap, we provide a formal classification method for the existing work, and a comprehensive and systematic overview. In addition, we also analyzed and summarized the development of DAL from the perspective of application. Finally, we discussed the confusion and problems in DAL, and gave some possible development directions for DAL.

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Global spending on artificial intelligence technologies will double to $110 billion by 2024 as AI use grows to bolster the competitiveness and digital transformations of more businesses and other organizations. That's the conclusion of a new IDC Worldwide Artificial Intelligence Guide, which examines AI use, trends and markets over the next four years. AI spending in 2020 is estimated at $50.1 billion, but that figure will more than double as new AI use cases and technology improvements continue, according to the guide. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the 2019-2024 period will be 20.1%. The biggest AI business drivers include delivering improved customer experiences and helping employees get better at their jobs, according to the guide.

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With the rise of online e-commerce platforms, more and more customers prefer to shop online. To sell more products, online platforms introduce various modules to recommend items with different properties such as huge discounts. A web page often consists of different independent modules. The ranking policies of these modules are decided by different teams and optimized individually without cooperation, which might result in competition between modules. Thus, the global policy of the whole page could be sub-optimal. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-agent cooperative reinforcement learning approach with the restriction that different modules cannot communicate. Our contributions are three-fold. Firstly, inspired by a solution concept in game theory named correlated equilibrium, we design a signal network to promote cooperation of all modules by generating signals (vectors) for different modules. Secondly, an entropy-regularized version of the signal network is proposed to coordinate agents' exploration of the optimal global policy. Furthermore, experiments based on real-world e-commerce data demonstrate that our algorithm obtains superior performance over baselines.

The Thief Orienteering Problem (ThOP) is a multi-component problem that combines features of two classic combinatorial optimization problems: Orienteering Problem and Knapsack Problem. The ThOP is challenging due to the given time constraint and the interaction between its components. We propose an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm together with a new packing heuristic to deal individually and interactively with problem components. Our approach outperforms existing work on more than 90% of the benchmarking instances, with an average improvement of over 300%.

Client-side video players employ adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms to optimize user quality of experience (QoE). We evaluate recently proposed RL-based ABR methods in Facebook's web-based video streaming platform. Real-world ABR contains several challenges that requires customized designs beyond off-the-shelf RL algorithms -- we implement a scalable neural network architecture that supports videos with arbitrary bitrate encodings; we design a training method to cope with the variance resulting from the stochasticity in network conditions; and we leverage constrained Bayesian optimization for reward shaping in order to optimize the conflicting QoE objectives. In a week-long worldwide deployment with more than 30 million video streaming sessions, our RL approach outperforms the existing human-engineered ABR algorithms.

Time-series forecasting is one of the most active research topics in predictive analysis. A still open gap in that literature is that statistical and ensemble learning approaches systematically present lower predictive performance than deep learning methods as they generally disregard the data sequence aspect entangled with multivariate data represented in more than one time series. Conversely, this work presents a novel neural network architecture for time-series forecasting that combines the power of graph evolution with deep recurrent learning on distinct data distributions; we named our method Recurrent Graph Evolution Neural Network (ReGENN). The idea is to infer multiple multivariate relationships between co-occurring time-series by assuming that the temporal data depends not only on inner variables and intra-temporal relationships (i.e., observations from itself) but also on outer variables and inter-temporal relationships (i.e., observations from other-selves). An extensive set of experiments was conducted comparing ReGENN with dozens of ensemble methods and classical statistical ones, showing sound improvement of up to 64.87% over the competing algorithms. Furthermore, we present an analysis of the intermediate weights arising from ReGENN, showing that by looking at inter and intra-temporal relationships simultaneously, time-series forecasting is majorly improved if paying attention to how multiple multivariate data synchronously evolve.

Low level classification extracts features from the elements, i.e. physical to use them to train a model for a later classification. High level classification uses high level features, the existent patterns, relationship between the data and combines low and high level features for classification. High Level features can be got from Complex Network created over the data. Local and global features are used to describe the structure of a Complex Network, i.e. Average Neighbor Degree, Average Clustering.The present work proposed a novel feature to describe the architecture of the Network following a Ant Colony System approach. The experiments shows the advantage of using this feature because the sensibility with data of different classes.