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Dynamic Residual Encoding with Slide-Level Contrastive Learning for End-to-End Whole Slide Image Representation

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Whole Slide Image (WSI) representation is critical for cancer subtyping, cancer recognition and mutation prediction.Training an end-to-end WSI representation model poses significant challenges, as a standard gigapixel slide can contain tens of thousands of image tiles, making it difficult to compute gradients of all tiles in a single mini-batch due to current GPU limitations. To address this challenge, we propose a method of dynamic residual encoding with slide-level contrastive learning (DRE-SLCL) for end-to-end WSI representation. Our approach utilizes a memory bank to store the features of tiles across all WSIs in the dataset. During training, a mini-batch usually contains multiple WSIs. For each WSI in the batch, a subset of tiles is randomly sampled and their features are computed using a tile encoder. Then, additional tile features from the same WSI are selected from the memory bank. The representation of each individual WSI is generated using a residual encoding technique that incorporates both the sampled features and those retrieved from the memory bank. Finally, the slide-level contrastive loss is computed based on the representations and histopathology reports ofthe WSIs within the mini-batch. Experiments conducted over cancer subtyping, cancer recognition, and mutation prediction tasks proved the effectiveness of the proposed DRE-SLCL method.


Boardwalk: Towards a Framework for Creating Board Games with LLMs

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Implementing board games in code can be a time-consuming task. However, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proven effective at generating code for domain-specific tasks with simple contextual information. We aim to investigate whether LLMs can implement digital versions of board games from rules described in natural language. This would be a step towards an LLM-assisted framework for quick board game code generation. We expect to determine the main challenges for LLMs to implement the board games, and how different approaches and models compare to one another. We task three state-of-the-art LLMs (Claude, DeepSeek and ChatGPT) with coding a selection of 12 popular and obscure games in free-form and within Boardwalk, our proposed General Game Playing API. We anonymize the games and components to avoid evoking pre-trained LLM knowledge. The implementations are tested for playability and rule compliance. We evaluate success rate and common errors across LLMs and game popularity. Our approach proves viable, with the best performing model, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, yielding 55.6\% of games without any errors. While compliance with the API increases error frequency, the severity of errors is more significantly dependent on the LLM. We outline future steps for creating a framework to integrate this process, making the elaboration of board games more accessible.


Ukraine drone strikes throw power supplies into disarray in Russian cities

Al Jazeera

Is Trump losing patience with Putin? Will sanctions against Russian oil giants hurt Putin? Ukraine has hit back at Russia's attempts to disable its energy infrastructure with air strikes that succeeded in disrupting power and heating in two cities across the border. Alexander Gusev, regional governor of Voronezh, said several drones were electronically jammed over the city - home to more than one million people - and sparked a fire at a local utility facility that was quickly extinguished. A Russian Defence Ministry statement made no mention of either the Voronezh or Belgorod areas, reporting 44 Ukrainian drones were destroyed or intercepted by Russian forces during the night.


UK military to help Belgium after drone sightings near airports

Al Jazeera

Is Trump losing patience with Putin? Will sanctions against Russian oil giants hurt Putin? The United Kingdom is sending military equipment and personnel to Belgium after a spate of disruptive drone sightings forced the temporary closures of two major airports. Air Chief Marshal Richard Knighton told the BBC network on Sunday that the military had agreed to "deploy our people, our equipment to Belgium to help them" after a request from Belgian authorities. In the past week, both Belgium's main international airport at Brussels and one of Europe's biggest cargo airports at Liege were forced to close temporarily because of drone incursions.


UK military to help protect Belgium after drone incursions

BBC News

UK military personnel and equipment are being sent to Belgium to help it bolster its defences after drone incursions on its airspace, suspected of being carried out by Russia. The new head of the UK military, Sir Richard Knighton, told the BBC's Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg that his Belgian counterpart asked for assistance earlier this week and that kit and personnel were on the way. Belgium's main airport Zavantem was forced to close temporarily on Thursday night after drones were spotted nearby . They were also spotted in other locations, including a military base. Sir Richard said it was not known if the incursions were by Russia, but added it was plausible they had been ordered by Moscow.


HMRC to review suspending 23,500 child benefit payments

BBC News

The UK's tax body is reviewing its decisions to strip child benefit from about 23,500 claimants after it used travel data to conclude they had left the country permanently. Normally the benefit runs out after eight weeks living outside the UK, but many people affected complained that HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) had stopped their money after they went on holiday for just a short time. The move came after MPs on the Treasury Select Committee demanded answers from the tax authority. HMRC has apologised for any errors and says anyone who thinks their benefits have been stopped incorrectly should contact them. In September, the government began a crackdown on child benefit fraud which it believes could save ยฃ350m over five years.


Why does Israel play in European Football?

Al Jazeera

Game Theory: Why does Israel play in European football? Game Theory Why does Israel play in European Football? Why is Israel playing in European football? Samantha Johnson unpacks why the Israeli national team and clubs ended up under UEFA, why they're not the only non-European country playing for Europe and how sport can defy geography What's behind bans on away fans? Afghan Women's Team: The Fight to Play U-20 World Cup Who would you play for?


Six dead as Russia hits energy and residential sites in Ukraine

BBC News

At least six people have died after Russia launched hundreds of missile and drone attacks on energy infrastructure and residential targets in Ukraine overnight. A strike on an apartment building in the city of Dnipro killed two people and wounded 12, while three died in Zaporizhzhia. In all, 25 locations across Ukraine, including the capital city Kyiv, were hit, leaving many areas without electricity and heating. Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko said on Telegram that major energy facilities were damaged in the Poltava, Kharkiv and Kyiv regions, and work was under way to restore power. In Russia, the defence ministry said its forces had shot down 79 Ukrainian drones overnight. The Ukrainian air force said Russia had launched more than 450 exploding bomber drones and 45 missiles.


Chatbots encouraged our sons to kill themselves, mothers say

BBC News

'A predator in your home': Mothers say chatbots encouraged their sons to kill themselves Megan Garcia had no idea her teenage son Sewell, a bright and beautiful boy, had started spending hours and hours obsessively talking to an online character on the Character.ai It's like having a predator or a stranger in your home, Ms Garcia tells me in her first UK interview. And it is much more dangerous because a lot of the times children hide it - so parents don't know. Within ten months, Sewell, 14, was dead. He had taken his own life.


Deaths, injuries after Russia hits residential and energy sites in Ukraine

Al Jazeera

Is Trump losing patience with Putin? Will sanctions against Russian oil giants hurt Putin? At least 10 people have been killed, and more parts of Ukraine have been plunged into darkness, after another night of intense Russian attacks across the country, local authorities said, as diplomatic momentum to end the nearly four-year war falters. Ukraine's military announced on Saturday morning that hundreds of Russian drones, as well as missiles launched from the air, ground and sea, targeted critical infrastructure, a frequent Kremlin target as another harsh winter of war looms. Most of the missiles went through defences, with only nine successfully shot down, but 406 of the drones were intercepted.