To effectively work with AI aids, people need to know when to either accept or override an AI's output. People decide when to rely on an AI by using their mental models [3, 30], or internal representations, of how the AI tends to behave: when it is most accurate, when it is most likely to fail, etc. A detailed and accurate mental model allows a person to effectively complement an AI system by appropriately relying [37] on its output, while an overly simple or wrong mental model can lead to blind spots and systematic failures [3, 8]. At worst, people can perform worse than they would have unassisted, such as clinicians who made more errors than average when shown incorrect AI predictions [7, 24]. Mental models are an inherently incomplete representation of any system, but numerous factors make it especially challenging to develop adequate mental models of AI systems. First, modern AI systems are often black-box models for which humans cannot see how or why the model made a prediction [54].

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Diagnosis of breast cancer by the pathologists is a time-consuming procedure and subjective. Computer aided diagnosis frameworks are utilized to relieve pathologist workload by classifying the data automatically, in which deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective solutions. The features extracted from activation layer of pre-trained CNNs are called deep convolutional activation features (DeCAF). In this paper, we have analyzed that all DeCAF features are not necessarily led to a higher accuracy in the classification task and dimension reduction plays an important role. Therefore, different dimension reduction methods are applied to achieve an effective combination of features by capturing the essence of DeCAF features. To this purpose, we have proposed reduced deep convolutional activation features (R-DeCAF). In this framework, pre-trained CNNs such as AlexNet, VGG-16 and VGG-19 are utilized in transfer learning mode as feature extractors. DeCAF features are extracted from the first fully connected layer of the mentioned CNNs and support vector machine has been used for binary classification. Among linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithms, linear approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) represent a better combination among deep features and lead to a higher accuracy in the classification task using small number of features considering specific amount of cumulative explained variance (CEV) of features. The proposed method is validated using experimental BreakHis dataset. Comprehensive results show improvement in the classification accuracy up to 4.3% with less computational time. Best achieved accuracy is 91.13% for 400x data with feature vector size (FVS) of 23 and CEV equals to 0.15 using pre-trained AlexNet as feature extractor and PCA as feature reduction algorithm.

Nowadays, a tremendous amount of human communications occur on Internet-based communication infrastructures, like social networks, email, forums, organizational communication platforms, etc. Indeed, the automatic prediction or assessment of individuals' personalities through their written or exchanged text would be advantageous to ameliorate their relationships. To this end, this paper aims to propose KGrAt-Net, which is a Knowledge Graph Attention Network text classifier. For the first time, it applies the knowledge graph attention network to perform Automatic Personality Prediction (APP), according to the Big Five personality traits. After performing some preprocessing activities, it first tries to acquire a knowing-full representation of the knowledge behind the concepts in the input text by building its equivalent knowledge graph. A knowledge graph collects interlinked descriptions of concepts, entities, and relationships in a machine-readable form. Practically, it provides a machine-readable cognitive understanding of concepts and semantic relationships among them. Then, applying the attention mechanism, it attempts to pay attention to the most relevant parts of the graph to predict the personality traits of the input text. We used 2,467 essays from the Essays Dataset. The results demonstrated that KGrAt-Net considerably improved personality prediction accuracies (up to 70.26% on average). Furthermore, KGrAt-Net also uses knowledge graph embedding to enrich the classification, which makes it even more accurate (on average, 72.41%) in APP.

The empirical risk minimization approach to data-driven decision making assumes that we can learn a decision rule from training data drawn under the same conditions as the ones we want to deploy it in. However, in a number of settings, we may be concerned that our training sample is biased, and that some groups (characterized by either observable or unobservable attributes) may be under- or over-represented relative to the general population; and in this setting empirical risk minimization over the training set may fail to yield rules that perform well at deployment. We propose a model of sampling bias called $\Gamma$-biased sampling, where observed covariates can affect the probability of sample selection arbitrarily much but the amount of unexplained variation in the probability of sample selection is bounded by a constant factor. Applying the distributionally robust optimization framework, we propose a method for learning a decision rule that minimizes the worst-case risk incurred under a family of test distributions that can generate the training distribution under $\Gamma$-biased sampling. We apply a result of Rockafellar and Uryasev to show that this problem is equivalent to an augmented convex risk minimization problem. We give statistical guarantees for learning a model that is robust to sampling bias via the method of sieves, and propose a deep learning algorithm whose loss function captures our robust learning target. We empirically validate our proposed method in simulations and a case study on ICU length of stay prediction.

We propose a novel approach for monocular 3D object detection by leveraging local perspective effects of each object. While the global perspective effect shown as size and position variations has been exploited for monocular 3D detection extensively, the local perspectives has long been overlooked. We design a local perspective module to regress a newly defined variable named keyedge-ratios as the parameterization of the local shape distortion to account for the local perspective, and derive the object depth and yaw angle from it. Theoretically, this module does not rely on the pixel-wise size or position in the image of the objects, therefore independent of the camera intrinsic parameters. By plugging this module in existing monocular 3D object detection frameworks, we incorporate the local perspective distortion with global perspective effect for monocular 3D reasoning, and we demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance over strong baseline methods in multiple datasets.

Alphabet's (NASDAQ:GOOG) (NASDAQ:GOOGL) moat was recently questioned by many market analysts and SA contributors alike, due to the exciting arrival of ChatGPT. However, we beg to differ, since the AI chatbot game was not new, with Microsoft (MSFT) previously launching its own version, Tay AI in 2016 and Meta (META), similarly introducing BlenderBot 3 AI in August 2022. We must also highlight that GOOG has had a similar offering since 2020, LaMDA [Language Model for Dialogue Applications], in various beta forms and iterations. Most importantly, the ChatGPT platform was originally developed by researchers at GOOG in 2017. One of the platform's engineer, Blake Lemoine, had interestingly believed that the LaMDA AI platform was sentient then. The following is ChatGPT's response when asked, "tell me more about you": According to market speculation, LaMDA was previously not launched, as the AI chatbot's conversational platform did not fit with GOOG's existing advertising model, which accounted for 81% of its revenue in FY2021.

This Direct Attached Artificial Intelligence Storage System Market report also offers insights on the drivers, restraints and opportunities for the market, which were gathered through primary and secondary research. It also covers various market factors, including COVID-19 impact, Porter's Five Forces, PEST analysis and use case analysis. New Report (114 Page) Publish on Global Direct Attached Artificial Intelligence Storage System Market 2023 Research Report provides Size, Share, Growth, Developments, New Technology, Trends and Forecasts 2028. Also, Direct Attached Artificial Intelligence Storage System Market Report provides an in-depth analysis of the market situation of the Top Direct Attached Artificial Intelligence Storage System Manufacturers with the best facts and figures, definitions, SWOT and PESTAL analysis, expert opinions and the latest trends around the world. Additionally, the report includes data on research and development, new product launches, product feedback from global and regional markets by key players.

As everyone knows the US and China are the main rivals in the AI race. The majority of the world's largest and most well-financed AI start-ups are located in the US and China, and the pace of investment, business expansion, and adoption does not appear to be declining any time soon. The study reveals by outlining a terrible scenario in which China would surpass the US in technological advancement. In such a scenario, China gets an edge in the generative AI race and generates revenue through the invention of cutting-edge technologies that it later employs as a tool of international political influence. The potential of ChatGPT to facilitate intelligent dialogues has replaced message tools from Stable Artificial Intelligence and Open-AI as the new object of desire throughout businesses. Companies, scholars, and entrepreneurs are exploring methods to enter the generative AI in China, where the country's IT industry has historically closely followed the West's new advancements.

We study the use of parametric building information modeling (BIM) to automatically generate training data for artificial neural networks (ANNs) to recognize building objects in photos. Teaching artificial intelligence (AI) machines to detect building objects in images is the foundation toward AI-assisted semantic 3D reconstruction of existing buildings. However, there exists the challenge of acquiring training data which is typically human-annotated, that is, unless a computer machine can generate high-quality data to train itself for a certain task. In that vein, we trained ANNs solely on realistic computer-generated images of 3D BIM models which were parametrically and automatically generated using the BIMGenE program. The ANN training result demonstrated generalizability and good semantic segmentation on a test case as well as arbitrary photos of buildings that are outside the range of the training data, which is significant for the future of training AI with generated data for solving real-world architectural problems.

ABSTRACT The TESS mission produces a large amount of time series data, only a small fraction of which contain detectable exoplanetary transit signals. Deep learning techniques such as neural networks have proved effective at differentiating promising astrophysical eclipsing candidates from other phenomena such as stellar variability and systematic instrumental effects in an efficient, unbiased and sustainable manner. This paper presents a high quality dataset containing light curves from the Primary Mission and 1st Extended Mission full frame images and periodic signals detected via Box Least Squares (Kovács et al. 2002; Hartman 2012). The dataset was curated using a thorough manual review process then used to train a neural network called Astronet-Triage-v2. On our test set, for transiting/eclipsing events we achieve a 99.6% recall (true positives over all data with positive labels) at a precision of 75.7% (true positives over all predicted positives). Since 90% of our training data is from the Primary Mission, we also test our ability to generalize on held-out 1st Extended Mission data. Here, we find an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.965, a 4% improvement over Astronet-Triage (Yu et al. 2019). On the TESS Object of Interest (TOI) Catalog through April 2022, a shortlist of planets and planet candidates, Astronet-Triage-v2 is able to recover 3577 out of 4140 TOIs, while Astronet-Triage only recovers 3349 targets at an equal level of precision. In other words, upgrading to Astronet-Triage-v2 helps save at least 200 planet candidates from being lost. The new model is currently used for planet candidate triage in the Quick-Look Pipeline (Huang et al. 2020a,b; Kunimoto et al. 2021). INTRODUCTION ally requires extremely precise observations.