Community detection becomes an important problem with the booming of social networks. The Medoid-Shift algorithm preserves the benefits of Mean-Shift and can be applied to problems based on distance matrix, such as community detection. One drawback of the Medoid-Shift algorithm is that there may be no data points within the neighborhood region defined by a distance parameter. To deal with the community detection problem better, a new algorithm called Revised Medoid-Shift (RMS) in this work is thus proposed. During the process of finding the next medoid, the RMS algorithm is based on a neighborhood defined by KNN, while the original Medoid-Shift is based on a neighborhood defined by a distance parameter. Since the neighborhood defined by KNN is more stable than the one defined by the distance parameter in terms of the number of data points within the neighborhood, the RMS algorithm may converge more smoothly. In the RMS method, each of the data points is shifted towards a medoid within the neighborhood defined by KNN. After the iterative process of shifting, each of the data point converges into a cluster center, and the data points converging into the same center are grouped into the same cluster. The RMS algorithm is tested on two kinds of datasets including community datasets with known ground truth partition and community datasets without ground truth partition respectively. The experiment results show sthat the proposed RMS algorithm generally produces betster results than Medoid-Shift and some state-of-the-art together with most classic community detection algorithms on different kinds of community detection datasets.

The ability of deep learning methods to perform classification and regression tasks relies heavily on their capacity to uncover manifolds in high-dimensional data spaces and project them into low-dimensional representation spaces. In this study, we investigate the structure and character of the manifolds generated by classical variational autoencoder (VAE) approaches and deep kernel learning (DKL). In the former case, the structure of the latent space is determined by the properties of the input data alone, while in the latter, the latent manifold forms as a result of an active learning process that balances the data distribution and target functionalities. We show that DKL with active learning can produce a more compact and smooth latent space which is more conducive to optimization compared to previously reported methods, such as the VAE. We demonstrate this behavior using a simple cards data set and extend it to the optimization of domain-generated trajectories in physical systems. Our findings suggest that latent manifolds constructed through active learning have a more beneficial structure for optimization problems, especially in feature-rich target-poor scenarios that are common in domain sciences, such as materials synthesis, energy storage, and molecular discovery. The jupyter notebooks that encapsulate the complete analysis accompany the article.

The progress made on the last decade in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has supported a dramatic increase in the accuracy of most computer vision applications. Medical image analysis is one of the applications where the progress made assured human-level accuracy on the classification of different types of medical data (e.g., chest X-rays [90], corneal images [166]). However, and in spite of these advances, automated medical imaging is seldom adopted in clinical practice. According to Zachary Lipton [77], the explanation to this apparent paradox is straightforward, doctors will never trust the decision of an algorithm without understanding its decision process. This fact has raised the need for producing strategies capable of explaining the decision process of AI algorithms, leading subsequently to the creation of a novel research topic named as eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). According to DARPA [46], XAI aims to "produce more explainable models, while maintaining a high level of learning performance (prediction accuracy); and enable human users to understand, appropriately, trust, and effectively manage the emerging generation of artificially intelligent partners". In spite of its general applicability, XAI is particularly important in high-stake decisions, such as clinical workflow, where the consequences of a wrong decision could lead to human deaths. This is also evidenced by European Union's General Data Protection

In the quantitative analysis of competitive sports, a fundamental task is to estimate the skills of the different agents ('players') involved in a given competition based on the outcome of pairwise comparisons ('matches') between said players, often in an online setting. Skill estimation facilitates the prediction of various relevant outcomes of subsequent matches, which can then be applied towards high-level decision-making for the competition, including player seeding, fair team matching, and more. There are several established approaches to the task of skill estimation, including among others the Bradley-Terry model (Bradley and Terry, 1952), the Elo rating system (Elo, 1978), the Glicko rating system (Glickman, 1999), and TrueSkill (Herbrich et al., 2006) each with various levels of complexity and varying degrees of statistical motivation. Skill rating is of paramount importance in the world of competitive sports as it serves as a foundational tool for assessing and comparing the abilities of players and how they vary over time. By accurately quantifying skill levels, skill rating systems enable fair and balanced competition, inform strategic decision-making, and enhance the overall sporting level.

Birda co-founders John and Natalie White shared details of their social birding network with Fox News Digital. An AI-powered bird feeder called Bird Buddy doesn't only feed the birds -- it takes candid photos and identifies the species of each bird as it lands for a snack. Bird Buddy CEO Franci Zidar, whose company is based in Kalamazoo, Michigan, told Fox News Digital that the product uses artificial intelligence technology to take clear and "interesting" snapshots of the birds that come to feed. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)? The smart bird feeder then detects the type of bird species -- and sends a notification with the photo and bird info to its owner's mobile device.

With the development of pre-trained language models, many prompt-based approaches to data-efficient knowledge graph construction have been proposed and achieved impressive performance. However, existing prompt-based learning methods for knowledge graph construction are still susceptible to several potential limitations: (i) semantic gap between natural language and output structured knowledge with pre-defined schema, which means model cannot fully exploit semantic knowledge with the constrained templates; (ii) representation learning with locally individual instances limits the performance given the insufficient features, which are unable to unleash the potential analogical capability of pre-trained language models. Motivated by these observations, we propose a retrieval-augmented approach, which retrieves schema-aware Reference As Prompt (RAP), for data-efficient knowledge graph construction. It can dynamically leverage schema and knowledge inherited from human-annotated and weak-supervised data as a prompt for each sample, which is model-agnostic and can be plugged into widespread existing approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that previous methods integrated with RAP can achieve impressive performance gains in low-resource settings on five datasets of relational triple extraction and event extraction for knowledge graph construction. Code is available in https://github.com/zjunlp/RAP.

Machine-learning-based parameterizations (i.e. representation of sub-grid processes) of global climate models or turbulent simulations have recently been proposed as a powerful alternative to physical, but empirical, representations, offering a lower computational cost and higher accuracy. Yet, those approaches still suffer from a lack of generalization and extrapolation beyond the training data, which is however critical to projecting climate change or unobserved regimes of turbulence. Here we show that a multi-fidelity approach, which integrates datasets of different accuracy and abundance, can provide the best of both worlds: the capacity to extrapolate leveraging the physically-based parameterization and a higher accuracy using the machine-learning-based parameterizations. In an application to climate modeling, the multi-fidelity framework yields more accurate climate projections without requiring major increase in computational resources. Our multi-fidelity randomized prior networks (MF-RPNs) combine physical parameterization data as low-fidelity and storm-resolving historical run's data as high-fidelity. To extrapolate beyond the training data, the MF-RPNs are tested on high-fidelity warming scenarios, $+4K$, data. We show the MF-RPN's capacity to return much more skillful predictions compared to either low- or high-fidelity (historical data) simulations trained only on one regime while providing trustworthy uncertainty quantification across a wide range of scenarios. Our approach paves the way for the use of machine-learning based methods that can optimally leverage historical observations or high-fidelity simulations and extrapolate to unseen regimes such as climate change.

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are at the forefront of neuromorphic computing thanks to their potential energy-efficiency, low latencies, and capacity for continual learning. While these capabilities are well suited for robotics tasks, SNNs have seen limited adaptation in this field thus far. This work introduces a SNN for Visual Place Recognition (VPR) that is both trainable within minutes and queryable in milliseconds, making it well suited for deployment on compute-constrained robotic systems. Our proposed system, VPRTempo, overcomes slow training and inference times using an abstracted SNN that trades biological realism for efficiency. VPRTempo employs a temporal code that determines the timing of a single spike based on a pixel's intensity, as opposed to prior SNNs relying on rate coding that determined the number of spikes; improving spike efficiency by over 100%. VPRTempo is trained using Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity and a supervised delta learning rule enforcing that each output spiking neuron responds to just a single place. We evaluate our system on the Nordland and Oxford RobotCar benchmark localization datasets, which include up to 27k places. We found that VPRTempo's accuracy is comparable to prior SNNs and the popular NetVLAD place recognition algorithm, while being several orders of magnitude faster and suitable for real-time deployment -- with inference speeds over 50 Hz on CPU. VPRTempo could be integrated as a loop closure component for online SLAM on resource-constrained systems such as space and underwater robots.

People can use various tools, such as high-fidelity players and streaming apps, to enjoy In this work, we introduce a novel NLP task: assessing music at any time. Listeners can simply go the positive and risky messages of a music online, press the PLAY button, and find themselves item. We study the messages that a music item invigorated after a bad day. However, this easy access conveys from five significant dimensions regarding also raises concerns that children and adolescents appropriateness: Positive Messages, Violence, may have a higher chance of being exposed to Substance Consumption, Sex, and Consumerism risky content.

Y ou can use this material personally. Abstract -- Nowadays, as the need for capacity continues to grow, entirely novel services are emerging. A solid cloud-network integrated infrastructure is necessary to supply these services in a real-time responsive, and scalable way. Due to their diverse characteristics and limited capacity, communication and computing resources must be collaboratively managed to unleash their full potential. Although several innovative methods have been proposed to orchestrate the resources, most ignored network resources or relaxed the network as a simple graph, focusing only on cloud resources. This paper fills the gap by studying the joint problem of communication and computing resource allocation, dubbed CCRA, including function placement and assignment, traffic prioritization, and path selection considering capacity constraints and quality requirements, to minimize total cost. We formulate the problem as a non-linear programming model and propose two approaches, dubbed B&B-CCRA and WF-CCRA, based on the Branch & Bound and Water-Filling algorithms to solve it when the system is fully known. Then, for partially known systems, a Double Deep Q-Learning (DDQL) architecture is designed. Numerical simulations show that B&B-CCRA optimally solves the problem, whereas WF-CCRA delivers near-optimal solutions in a substantially shorter time. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that DDQL-CCRA obtains near-optimal solutions in the absence of request-specific information. Nowadays, an increase in data flow has resulted in a 1000-fold increase in network capacity, which is the primary driver of network evolution. While this demand for capacity will continue to grow, the Internet of Everything is forging a paradigm shift to new-born perceptions, bringing a range of novel services with rigorous deterministic criteria, such as connected robotics, smart healthcare, autonomous transportation, and extended reality [1]. These services will be provisioned by establishing functional components, Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), which will generate and consume vast amounts of data that must be processed in real-time to ensure service responsiveness and scalability. In these circumstances, a distributed cloud architecture is essential [2], which could be implemented via a solid cloud-network integrated infrastructure built of distinct domains in Beyond 5G (B5G) [3]. These domains can be distinguished by the technology employed, including radio access, transport, and core networks, as well as edge, access, aggregation, regional, and central clouds. Moreover, these resources can be virtualized using technologies such as Network Function Vir-tualization (NFV), which enables the construction of separate virtual entities on top of this physical infrastructure [4], [5].