Abstract--Accurate traffic Flow Prediction can assist in traffic management, route planning, and congestion mitigation, which holds significant importance in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, existing traffic flow prediction models suffer from limitations in capturing the complex spatial-temporal dependencies within traffic networks. In order to address this issue, this study proposes a multi-segment fusion tensor graph convolutional network (MS-FTGCN) for traffic flow prediction with the following three-fold ideas: a) building a unified spatial-temporal graph convolutional framework based on Tensor M-product, which capture the spatial-temporal patterns simultaneously; b) incorporating hourly, daily, and weekly components to model multi temporal properties of traffic flows, respectively; c) fusing the outputs of the three components by attention mechanism to obtain the final traffic flow prediction results. The results of experiments conducted on two traffic flow datasets demonstrate that the proposed MS-FTGCN outperforms the state-of-the-art models. In the past few years, spurred by the rapid advancement of intelligent transportation systems [1] and the widespread availability of diverse data sources [2] such as GPS trajectories, traffic cameras, and mobile applications [3], there has been an increasing demand for advanced traffic prediction models that can effectively utilize these data for accurate predictions.

The Eye Movements on Machine-Generated Texts Corpus (EMTeC) is a naturalistic eye-movements-while-reading corpus of 107 native English speakers reading machine-generated texts. The texts are generated by three large language models using five different decoding strategies, and they fall into six different text type categories. EMTeC entails the eye movement data at all stages of pre-processing, i.e., the raw coordinate data sampled at 2000 Hz, the fixation sequences, and the reading measures. It further provides both the original and a corrected version of the fixation sequences, accounting for vertical calibration drift. Moreover, the corpus includes the language models' internals that underlie the generation of the stimulus texts: the transition scores, the attention scores, and the hidden states. The stimuli are annotated for a range of linguistic features both at text and at word level. We anticipate EMTeC to be utilized for a variety of use cases such as, but not restricted to, the investigation of reading behavior on machine-generated text and the impact of different decoding strategies; reading behavior on different text types; the development of new pre-processing, data filtering, and drift correction algorithms; the cognitive interpretability and enhancement of language models; and the assessment of the predictive power of surprisal and entropy for human reading times. The data at all stages of pre-processing, the model internals, and the code to reproduce the stimulus generation, data pre-processing and analyses can be accessed via https://github.com/DiLi-Lab/EMTeC/.

Neural code models (NCMs) have been widely used for addressing various code understanding tasks, such as defect detection and clone detection. However, numerous recent studies reveal that such models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Backdoored NCMs function normally on normal code snippets, but exhibit adversary-expected behavior on poisoned code snippets injected with the adversary-crafted trigger. It poses a significant security threat. For example, a backdoored defect detection model may misclassify user-submitted defective code as non-defective. If this insecure code is then integrated into critical systems, like autonomous driving systems, it could lead to life safety. However, there is an urgent need for effective defenses against backdoor attacks targeting NCMs. To address this issue, in this paper, we innovatively propose a backdoor defense technique based on trigger inversion, called EliBadCode. EliBadCode first filters the model vocabulary for trigger tokens to reduce the search space for trigger inversion, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the trigger inversion. Then, EliBadCode introduces a sample-specific trigger position identification method, which can reduce the interference of adversarial perturbations for subsequent trigger inversion, thereby producing effective inverted triggers efficiently. Subsequently, EliBadCode employs a Greedy Coordinate Gradient algorithm to optimize the inverted trigger and designs a trigger anchoring method to purify the inverted trigger. Finally, EliBadCode eliminates backdoors through model unlearning. We evaluate the effectiveness of EliBadCode in eliminating backdoor attacks against multiple NCMs used for three safety-critical code understanding tasks. The results demonstrate that EliBadCode can effectively eliminate backdoors while having minimal adverse effects on the normal functionality of the model.

With the involvement of multiple programming languages in modern software development, cross-lingual code clone detection has gained traction with the software engineering community. Numerous studies have explored this topic, proposing various promising approaches. Inspired by the significant advances in machine learning in recent years, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), which have demonstrated their ability to tackle various tasks, this paper revisits cross-lingual code clone detection. We investigate the capabilities of four (04) LLMs and eight (08) prompts for the identification of cross-lingual code clones. Additionally, we evaluate a pre-trained embedding model to assess the effectiveness of the generated representations for classifying clone and non-clone pairs. Both studies (based on LLMs and Embedding models) are evaluated using two widely used cross-lingual datasets, XLCoST and CodeNet. Our results show that LLMs can achieve high F1 scores, up to 0.98, for straightforward programming examples (e.g., from XLCoST). However, they not only perform less well on programs associated with complex programming challenges but also do not necessarily understand the meaning of code clones in a cross-lingual setting. We show that embedding models used to represent code fragments from different programming languages in the same representation space enable the training of a basic classifier that outperforms all LLMs by ~2 and ~24 percentage points on the XLCoST and CodeNet datasets, respectively. This finding suggests that, despite the apparent capabilities of LLMs, embeddings provided by embedding models offer suitable representations to achieve state-of-the-art performance in cross-lingual code clone detection.

Dynamic Quality-of-Service (QoS) data capturing temporal variations in user-service interactions, are essential source for service selection and user behavior understanding. Approaches based on Latent Feature Analysis (LFA) have shown to be beneficial for discovering effective temporal patterns in QoS data. However, existing methods cannot well model the spatiality and temporality implied in dynamic interactions in a unified form, causing abundant accuracy loss for missing QoS estimation. To address the problem, this paper presents a novel Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs)-based dynamic QoS estimator namely Spatiotemporal Coupling GCN (SCG) model with the three-fold ideas as below. First, SCG builds its dynamic graph convolution rules by incorporating generalized tensor product framework, for unified modeling of spatial and temporal patterns. Second, SCG combines the heterogeneous GCN layer with tensor factorization, for effective representation learning on bipartite user-service graphs. Third, it further simplifies the dynamic GCN structure to lower the training difficulties. Extensive experiments have been conducted on two large-scale widely-adopted QoS datasets describing throughput and response time. The results demonstrate that SCG realizes higher QoS estimation accuracy compared with the state-of-the-arts, illustrating it can learn powerful representations to users and cloud services.

The discourse on risks from advanced AI systems ("AIs") typically focuses on misuse, accidents and loss of control, but the question of AIs' moral status could have negative impacts which are of comparable significance and could be realised within similar timeframes. Our paper evaluates these impacts by investigating (1) the factual question of whether future advanced AI systems will be conscious, together with (2) the epistemic question of whether future human society will broadly believe advanced AI systems to be conscious. Assuming binary responses to (1) and (2) gives rise to four possibilities: in the true positive scenario, society predominantly correctly believes that AIs are conscious; in the false positive scenario, that belief is incorrect; in the true negative scenario, society correctly believes that AIs are not conscious; and lastly, in the false negative scenario, society incorrectly believes that AIs are not conscious. The paper offers vivid vignettes of the different futures to ground the two-dimensional framework. Critically, we identify four major risks: AI suffering, human disempowerment, geopolitical instability, and human depravity. We evaluate each risk across the different scenarios and provide an overall qualitative risk assessment for each scenario. Our analysis suggests that the worst possibility is the wrong belief that AI is non-conscious, followed by the wrong belief that AI is conscious. The paper concludes with the main recommendations to avoid research aimed at intentionally creating conscious AI and instead focus efforts on reducing our current uncertainties on both the factual and epistemic questions on AI consciousness.

Recent years has witnessed an increase in technologies that use speech for the sensing of the health of the talker. This survey paper proposes a general taxonomy of the technologies and a broad overview of current progress and challenges. Vocal biomarkers are often secondary measures that are approximating a signal of another sensor or identifying an underlying mental, cognitive, or physiological state. Their measurement involve disturbances and uncertainties that may be considered as noise sources and the biomarkers are coarsely qualified in terms of the various sources of noise involved in their determination. While in some proposed biomarkers the error levels seem high, there are vocal biomarkers where the errors are expected to be low and thus are more likely to qualify as candidates for adoption in healthcare applications.

The seismocardiographic signal is a promising alternative to the traditional ECG in the analysis of the cardiac activity. In particular, the systolic complex is known to be the most informative part of the seismocardiogram, thus requiring further analysis. State-of-art solutions to detect the systolic complex are based on Deep Learning models, which have been proven effective in pioneering studies. However, these solutions have only been tested in a controlled scenario considering only clean signals acquired from users maintained still in supine position. On top of that, all these studies consider data coming from a single dataset, ignoring the benefits and challenges related to a cross-dataset scenario. In this work, a cross-dataset experimental analysis was performed considering also data from a real-world scenario. Our findings prove the effectiveness of a deep learning solution, while showing the importance of a personalization step to contrast the domain shift, namely a change in data distribution between training and testing data. Finally, we demonstrate the benefits of a multi-channels approach, leveraging the information extracted from both accelerometers and gyroscopes data.

We study an emerging and intriguing problem of multimodal temporal event forecasting with large language models. Compared to using text or graph modalities, the investigation of utilizing images for temporal event forecasting has not been fully explored, especially in the era of large language models (LLMs). To bridge this gap, we are particularly interested in two key questions of: 1) why images will help in temporal event forecasting, and 2) how to integrate images into the LLM-based forecasting framework. To answer these research questions, we propose to identify two essential functions that images play in the scenario of temporal event forecasting, i.e., highlighting and complementary. Then, we develop a novel framework, named MM-Forecast. It employs an Image Function Identification module to recognize these functions as verbal descriptions using multimodal large language models (MLLMs), and subsequently incorporates these function descriptions into LLM-based forecasting models. To evaluate our approach, we construct a new multimodal dataset, MidEast-TE-mm, by extending an existing event dataset MidEast-TE-mini with images. Empirical studies demonstrate that our MM-Forecast can correctly identify the image functions, and further more, incorporating these verbal function descriptions significantly improves the forecasting performance. The dataset, code, and prompts are available at https://github.com/LuminosityX/MM-Forecast.

This paper presents the results of the shared task on Chinese metaphor generation, hosted at the 13th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing (NLPCC 2024). The goal of this shared task is to generate Chinese metaphors using machine learning techniques and effectively identifying basic components of metaphorical sentences. It is divided into two subtasks: 1) Metaphor Generation, which involves creating a metaphor from a provided tuple consisting of TENOR, GROUND, and VEHICLE. The goal here is to synthesize a metaphor that connects the subject (i.e. TENOR) with the object (i.e. VEHICLE), guided by the concept of the GROUND. 2) Metaphor Components Identification, which extracts the most fitting TENORs, GROUNDs, and VEHICLEs from a metaphorical sentence. This component requires the identification of the most fitting metaphor elements that correspond to the specified grounds. In addition to overall results, we report on the setup and insights from the metaphor generation shared task, which attracted a total of 4 participating teams across both subtasks.