Existing domain adaptation methods aim to reduce the distributional difference between the source and target domains and respect their specific discriminative information, by establishing the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) and the discriminative distances. However, they usually accumulate to consider those statistics and deal with their relationships by estimating parameters blindly. This paper theoretically proves two essential facts: 1) minimizing the MMD equals to maximize the source and target intra-class distances respectively but jointly minimize their variance with some implicit weights, so that the feature discriminability degrades; 2) the relationship between the intra-class and inter-class distances is as one falls, another rises. Based on this, we propose a novel discriminative MMD. On one hand, we consider the intra-class and inter-class distances alone to remove a redundant parameter, and the revealed weights provide their approximate optimal ranges. On the other hand, we design two different strategies to boost the feature discriminability: 1) we directly impose a trade-off parameter on the implicit intra-class distance in MMD to regulate its change; 2) we impose the similar weights revealed in MMD on inter-class distance and maximize it, then a balanced factor could be introduced to quantitatively leverage the relative importance between the feature transferability and its discriminability. The experiments on several benchmark datasets not only prove the validity of theoretical results but also demonstrate that our approach could perform better than the comparative state-of-art methods substantially.

The year is 2030. It's been 10 years since the coronavirus pandemic closed down the planet. The world has moved on. It has innovated, adapted and progressed. Things are familiar, yet different. Is it a better world or is there just more shiny gadgets distracting us from cracks in the foundations?

Artificial intelligence (AI) improved skin cancer diagnostic accuracy when used in collaboration with human clinical checks, an international study including University of Queensland researchers has found. The global team tested for the first time whether a'real world', collaborative approach involving clinicians assisted by AI improved the accuracy of skin cancer clinical decision making. UQ's Professor Monika Janda said the highest diagnostic accuracy was achieved when crowd wisdom and AI predictions were combined, suggesting human-AI and crowd-AI collaborations were preferable to individual experts or AI alone "This is important because AI decision support has slowly started to infiltrate healthcare settings, and yet few studies have tested its performance in real world settings or how clinicians interact with it," Professor Janda said. "Inexperienced evaluators gained the highest benefit from AI decision support and expert evaluators confident in skin cancer diagnosis achieved modest or no benefit. "These findings indicated a combined AI-human approach to skin cancer diagnosis may be the most relevant for clinicians in the future." Although AI diagnostic software has demonstrated expert level accuracy in several image-based medical studies, researchers have remained unclear on whether its use improved clinical practice. "Our study found that good quality AI support was useful to clinicians but needed to be simple, concrete, and in accordance with a given task," Professor Janda said. "For clinicians of the future this means that AI-based screening and diagnosis might soon be available to support them on a daily basis.

The Commonwealth Bank of Australia spent around $750 million and 5 years of work to convert its platform from COBOL to Java. Migrating an existing codebase to a modern or more efficient language like Java or C requires expertise in both the source and target languages, and is often costly. Usually, a transcompiler is deployed that converts source code from a high-level programming language (such as C or Python) to another. Transcompilers are primarily used for interoperability, and to port codebases written in an obsolete or deprecated language (e.g. They typically rely on handcrafted rewrite rules, applied to the source code abstract syntax tree.

Race After Technology opens with a brief personal history set in the Crenshaw neighborhood of Los Angeles, where sociologist Ruha Benjamin spent a portion of her childhood. Recalling the time she set up shop on her grandmother's porch with a chalkboard and invited other kids to do math problems, she writes, "For the few who would come, I would hand out little slips of paper…until someone would insist that we go play tag or hide-and-seek instead. Needless to say, I didn't have that many friends!" As she gazed out the back window during car rides, she saw "boys lined up for police pat-downs," and inside the house she heard "the nonstop rumble of police helicopters overhead, so close that the roof would shake." The omnipresent surveillance continued when she visited her grandmother years later as a mother, her homecomings blighted by "the frustration of trying to keep the kids asleep with the sound and light from the helicopter piercing the window's thin pane." Benjamin's personal beginning sets the tone for her book's approach, one that focuses on how modern invasive technologies--from facial recognition software to electronic ankle monitors to the metadata of photos taken at protests--further racial inequality.

In October, Amazon had to discontinue an artificial intelligence–powered recruiting tool after it discovered the system was biased against female applicants. In 2016, a ProPublica investigation revealed a recidivism assessment tool that used machine learning was biased against black defendants. More recently, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development sued Facebook because its ad-serving algorithms enabled advertisers to discriminate based on characteristics like gender and race. And Google refrained from renewing its AI contract with the Department of Defense after employees raised ethical concerns. Those are just a few of the many ethical controversies surrounding artificial intelligence algorithms in the past few years.

"We needed to invest in a building of that type of size and scale so we can deliver the convenience, in terms of delivery speed, to the Australian customer base."Mr Fuller said while the centre would likely improve Amazon's delivery times across most of its Australian customers, the retailer would not know the material benefits of the centre until its completion in 2021.When we launched in Australia there were lots of unknowns…we had to learn the nuances of the Australian marketplaceCraig Fuller, Amazon Australia's director of operationsWhile Amazon operates around 30 robotic fulfilment centres internationally, this will be its first in Australia. The centre will still use humans to pick and pack items, but instead of workers walking to the shelves to pick the items, robotic units take the shelves to them, improving fulfilment time and reducing the amount of walking workers have to do.Amazon has faced criticism in the past over the treatment of its distribution centre workers, who have described working conditions at its Melbourne centre as a "hellscape" due to allegedly unrealistic performance targets.New South Wales Premier Gladys Berejiklian said the jobs created by the new centre come at a time the Australian economy " …

Streaming data are increasingly present in real-world applications such as sensor measurements, satellite data feed, stock market, and financial data. The main characteristics of these applications are the online arrival of data observations at high speed and the susceptibility to changes in the data distributions due to the dynamic nature of real environments. The data stream mining community still faces some primary challenges and difficulties related to the comparison and evaluation of new proposals, mainly due to the lack of publicly available non-stationary real-world datasets. The comparison of stream algorithms proposed in the literature is not an easy task, as authors do not always follow the same recommendations, experimental evaluation procedures, datasets, and assumptions. In this paper, we mitigate problems related to the choice of datasets in the experimental evaluation of stream classifiers and drift detectors. To that end, we propose a new public data repository for benchmarking stream algorithms with real-world data. This repository contains the most popular datasets from literature and new datasets related to a highly relevant public health problem that involves the recognition of disease vector insects using optical sensors. The main advantage of these new datasets is the prior knowledge of their characteristics and patterns of changes to evaluate new adaptive algorithm proposals adequately. We also present an in-depth discussion about the characteristics, reasons, and issues that lead to different types of changes in data distribution, as well as a critical review of common problems concerning the current benchmark datasets available in the literature.

The theory of evolutionary computation for discrete search spaces has made a lot of progress during the last ten years. This survey summarizes some of the most important recent results obtained in this research area. It reviews important methods such as drift analysis, discusses theoretical insight on parameter tuning and parameter control, and summarizes the advances made for stochastic and dynamic problems. Furthermore, the survey highlights important results in the area of combinatorial optimization with a focus on parameterized complexity and the optimization of submodular functions. Finally, it gives an overview on the large amount of new important results for estimation of distribution algorithms.

ML-based predictive systems are increasingly used to support decisions with a critical impact on individuals' lives such as college admission, job hiring, child custody, criminal risk assessment, etc. As a result, fairness emerged as an important requirement to guarantee that predictive systems do not discriminate against specific individuals or entire sub-populations, in particular, minorities. Given the inherent subjectivity of viewing the concept of fairness, several notions of fairness have been introduced in the literature. This paper is a survey of fairness notions that, unlike other surveys in the literature, addresses the question of "which notion of fairness is most suited to a given real-world scenario and why?". Our attempt to answer this question consists in (1) identifying the set of fairness-related characteristics of the real-world scenario at hand, (2) analyzing the behavior of each fairness notion, and then (3) fitting these two elements to recommend the most suitable fairness notion in every specific setup. The results are summarized in a decision diagram that can be used by practitioners and policy makers to navigate the relatively large catalogue of fairness notions.