This paper models residential consumers' energy-consumption behavior by load patterns and distributions and reveals the relationship between consumers' load patterns and socioeconomic features by machine learning. We analyze the real-world smart meter data and extract load patterns using K-Medoids clustering, which is robust to outliers. We develop an analytical framework with feature selection and deep learning models to estimate the relationship between load patterns and socioeconomic features. Specifically, we use an entropy-based feature selection method to identify the critical socioeconomic characteristics that affect load patterns and benefit our method's interpretability. We further develop a customized deep neural network model to characterize the relationship between consumers' load patterns and selected socioeconomic features. Numerical studies validate our proposed framework using Pecan Street smart meter data and survey. We demonstrate that our framework can capture the relationship between load patterns and socioeconomic information and outperform benchmarks such as regression and single DNN models.

This paper discusses the need of an automated system for detecting print errors and the efficacy of Convolutional Neural Networks in such an application. We recognise the need of a dataset containing print error samples and propose a way to generate one artificially. We discuss the algorithms to generate such data along with the limitaions and advantages of such an apporach. Our final trained network gives a remarkable accuracy of 99.83\% in testing. We further evaluate how such efficiency was achieved and what modifications can be tested to further the results.

Tensor Decomposition Networks(TDNs) prevail for their inherent compact architectures. For providing convenience, we present a toolkit named TedNet that is based on the Pytorch framework, to give more researchers a flexible way to exploit TDNs. TedNet implements 5 kinds of tensor decomposition(i.e., CANDECOMP/PARAFAC(CP), Block-Term Tucker(BT), Tucker-2, Tensor Train(TT) and Tensor Ring(TR)) on traditional deep neural layers, the convolutional layer and the fully-connected layer. By utilizing these basic layers, it is simple to construct a variety of TDNs like TR-ResNet, TT-LSTM, etc. TedNet is available at https://github.com/tnbar/tednet.

This is clearly demonstrated by the performance of BALD. To be specific, the BNNs trained with BALD have accuracies ranging from 70 90%, but for the models-under-test M-FashionMNIST and M-MNIST-ES (average & bad models), the metric estimation accuracies range from 90 100% - which are much higher than the BNNs' accuracies. For our proposed method ALT-MAS, with the models-under-test M-FashionMNIST, M-MNIST-ES, the behaviours are similar to those of BALD. That is, the metric estimation accuracies are always higher than the BNNs accuracies, especially for per-class metrics. It is worth noting that, for the per-class metrics, even though the BNNs accuracies by ALT-MAS are much lower than the BNNs by BALD, but the metric estimations by ALT-MAS are much higher than by BALD. This asserts the motivation of our sampling approach, that is, the BNN only needs to accurately predict the data points that contribute to the metric estimation. On the other hand, with the good model-under-test M-MNIST, due to our data augmentation training strategy, the BNN accuracies by ALT-MAS are much higher than those of BALD, and thus, the metric estimations by ALT-MAS are also more accurate than those by BALD. Figure 2: The accuracy of the BNN, for each combination of model-under-test (M-MNIST, M-FashionMNIST, & M-MNIST-ES) and metric set. Plotting mean and standard error over 3 repetitions (Best seen in color).

Machine Learning (ML) techniques are becoming an invaluable support for network intrusion detection, especially in revealing anomalous flows, which often hide cyber-threats. Typically, ML algorithms are exploited to classify/recognize data traffic on the basis of statistical features such as inter-arrival times, packets length distribution, mean number of flows, etc. Dealing with the vast diversity and number of features that typically characterize data traffic is a hard problem. This results in the following issues: i) the presence of so many features leads to lengthy training processes (particularly when features are highly correlated), while prediction accuracy does not proportionally improve; ii) some of the features may introduce bias during the classification process, particularly those that have scarce relation with the data traffic to be classified. To this end, by reducing the feature space and retaining only the most significant features, Feature Selection (FS) becomes a crucial pre-processing step in network management and, specifically, for the purposes of network intrusion detection. In this review paper, we complement other surveys in multiple ways: i) evaluating more recent datasets (updated w.r.t. obsolete KDD 99) by means of a designed-from-scratch Python-based procedure; ii) providing a synopsis of most credited FS approaches in the field of intrusion detection, including Multi-Objective Evolutionary techniques; iii) assessing various experimental analyses such as feature correlation, time complexity, and performance. Our comparisons offer useful guidelines to network/security managers who are considering the incorporation of ML concepts into network intrusion detection, where trade-offs between performance and resource consumption are crucial.

Recent neural-based relation extraction approaches, though achieving promising improvement on benchmark datasets, have reported their vulnerability towards adversarial attacks. Thus far, efforts mostly focused on generating adversarial samples or defending adversarial attacks, but little is known about the difference between normal and adversarial samples. In this work, we take the first step to leverage the salience-based method to analyze those adversarial samples. We observe that salience tokens have a direct correlation with adversarial perturbations. We further find the adversarial perturbations are either those tokens not existing in the training set or superficial cues associated with relation labels. To some extent, our approach unveils the characters against adversarial samples. We release an open-source testbed, "DiagnoseAdv".

It is widely known that Google Trends have become one of the most popular free tools used by forecasters both in academics and in the private and public sectors. There are many papers, from several different fields, concluding that Google Trends improve forecasts' accuracy. However, what seems to be widely unknown, is that each sample of Google search data is different from the other, even if you set the same search term, data and location. This means that it is possible to find arbitrary conclusions merely by chance. This paper aims to show why and when it can become a problem and how to overcome this obstacle.

The explosion of user-generated content (UGC)--e.g. social media posts, comments, and reviews--has motivated the development of NLP applications tailored to these types of informal texts. Prevalent among these applications have been sentiment analysis and machine translation (MT). Grounded in the observation that UGC features highly idiomatic, sentiment-charged language, we propose a decoder-side approach that incorporates automatic sentiment scoring into the MT candidate selection process. We train separate English and Spanish sentiment classifiers, then, using n-best candidates generated by a baseline MT model with beam search, select the candidate that minimizes the absolute difference between the sentiment score of the source sentence and that of the translation, and perform a human evaluation to assess the produced translations. Unlike previous work, we select this minimally divergent translation by considering the sentiment scores of the source sentence and translation on a continuous interval, rather than using e.g. binary classification, allowing for more fine-grained selection of translation candidates. The results of human evaluations show that, in comparison to the open-source MT baseline model on top of which our sentiment-based pipeline is built, our pipeline produces more accurate translations of colloquial, sentiment-heavy source texts.

Keyword extraction is called identifying words or phrases that express the main concepts of texts in best. There is a huge amount of texts that are created every day and at all times through electronic infrastructure. So, it is practically impossible for humans to study and manage this volume of documents. However, the need for efficient and effective access to these documents is evident in various purposes. Weblogs, News, and technical notes are almost long texts, while the reader seeks to understand the concepts by topics or keywords to decide for reading the full text. To this aim, we use a combined approach that consists of two models of graph centrality features and textural features. In the following, graph centralities, such as degree, betweenness, eigenvector, and closeness centrality, have been used to optimally combine them to extract the best keyword among the candidate keywords extracted by the proposed method. Also, another approach has been introduced to distinguishing keywords among candidate phrases and considering them as a separate keyword. To evaluate the proposed method, seven datasets named, Semeval2010, SemEval2017, Inspec, fao30, Thesis100, pak2018 and WikiNews have been used, and results reported Precision, Recall, and F- measure.

The sophisticated network of nerves connecting our eyes to our brains evolved 100 million years earlier than previously thought – a discovery that'literally changes the textbook.' A team of international scientists found the connection scheme was already present in the ancient gar fish that lived 450 million years ago, which means the eye-brain connection pre-dates animals living on land. The long-held theory suggests the connection first evolved in terrestrial creatures and, from there, carried on into humans where scientists believe it helps with our depth perception and 3D vision. Michigan State University's Ingo Braasch said: 'Modern fish, they don't have this type of eye-brain connection.' 'That's one of the reasons that people thought it was a new thing in tetrapods.' A team of international scientists found the connection scheme was already present in the ancient gar fish that lived 450 million years ago, which means the eye-brain connection pre-dates animals living on land.